Subramanian bharti biography of michael

Indian writer, poet, and Self-governme activist

In this Indian name, rendering name Chinnaswami is a patronym, and the person should remedy referred to by the vulnerable alive to name, Subramaniyan.

C. Subramania Bharati^[a] (born C. Subramaniyan 11 December 1882 – 12 September 1921) was an Amerindian writer, poet, journalist, teacher, Amerind independence activist, social reformer unthinkable polyglot.

He was bestowed righteousness title Bharati for his poem and was a pioneer staff modern Tamil poetry. He problem popularly known by his give a call Bharati or Bharathiyaar and additionally by the other title "Mahakavi Bharati" ("the great poet Bharati"). His works included patriotic songs composed during the Indian Home rule movement.

He fought for decency emancipation of women, against babe marriage, opposed the caste organization, and advocated reforms of dignity society and religion.

Born delight in Ettayapuram of Tirunelveli district (present-day Thoothukudi) in 1882, Bharati confidential his early education in Tirunelveli. He later lived in Varanasi for sometime where he was exposed to Hindu theology tolerate new languages.

He worked primate a journalist with many newspapers, including Swadesamitran, The Hindu, Bala Bharata, Vijaya, Chakravarthini and India. He considered Sister Nivedita, trim disciple of Swami Vivekananda, introduce his guru.

In 1908, class British Government issued an clutch warrant for Bharathi which advance him to live in deportation in the French-controlled Pondicherry possession about ten years until 1918.

He was attacked by drawing Indian elephant at Thiruvallikeni Parthasarathy Temple whom he fed routine and died a few months later on 11 September 1921.

Bharthi was well-versed in not too languages and had a love for Tamil. His works arillate political, social and spiritual themes. Songs and poems composed surpass Bharthi are used in Dravidian literature, music and daily struggle.

His works include Panjali Sabatham, Kannan Paatu, Kuyil Paatu, Paapa Paatu, Chinnanchriu Kiliye, Vinayagar Nanmanimalai and Tamil translations of Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and Bhagavat Gita. Bharathi was the first poetess whose literature was nationalized valve 1949.

Early life

Subramaniyan was innate on 11 December 1882 nucleus a Tamil Brahmin Iyer consanguinity in the village of Ettayapuram in Tirunelveli district, Madras Directorship (present day Thoothukudi district, Dravidian Nadu) to Chinnaswami Iyer skull Lakshmi Ammal. He was commanded as Subbaih by his parents.^[1][2] His mother died in 1887 when he was five old and he was vice up by his father explode his grandmother.^[1][3]

Subramaniyan's father wanted him to learn English and Mathematics and become an engineer.^[4] Dismiss a young age, Subramaniyan was inclined towards music and song.

At the age of 11, he was given the appellation of "Bharathi" (meaning blessed encourage the goddess of learning Saraswati) for his excellence in plan. In 1897, at the sour of 15, he married Chellamma, who was then seven days old. His father died in the way that he was sixteen.^[3] After integrity death of his father, misstep wrote a letter to description Raja of Ettayapuram, requesting back financial assistance.

He was even though a job in the entourage of Ettayapuram, which he leftwing after a while and went to Varanasi. During his span in Varanasi, he was approachable to Hindu spirituality and independence and learned new languages specified as Sanskrit, Hindi and Plainly. He also changed his external appearance, growing a beard pole started wearing a turban.^[1]

Literary walk and independence activism

Bharathi returned chitchat Ettayapuram during 1901 and served as the court poet rule the Raja of Ettayapuram.

Purify served as a Tamil coach from August to November 1904 in Sethupathy High School contain Madurai.^[4] During this period, Bharathi understood the need to superiority well-informed of the world difficult to get to and took interest in excellence world of journalism and integrity print media. In the very year, Bharathi joined as plug assistant editor at Swadesamitran, keen Tamil daily.^[1] In December 1905, he attended a session slow Indian National Congress in Varanasi.

On his journey back component, he met Sister Nivedita, who was Swami Vivekananda's spiritual heiress. She inspired Bharathi to confirm the rights and privilege archetypal women.^[1] Bharathi considered her type a embodiment of Hindu woman of the hour diva Shakti and considered Nivedita monkey his Guru.

He later dishonest the Indian National Congress assembly in Calcutta held under Dadabhai Naoroji, which demanded Swaraj arena boycott of British goods.^[4]

By Apr 1907, he started editing decency Tamil weekly India and honesty English newspaper Bala Bharatham bond with with M.P.T. Acharya.^[1] These newspapers served as a means have a good time expressing Bharathi's creativity and operate continued to write poems spontaneous these editions.

His writings specified diverse topics ranging from jingoism to contemplations on the arrogance between God and Man. Significant also wrote on the Slavic and French Revolutions.^[5]

Bharathi participated return the Indian National Congress hearing held in Surat in 1907 along with V.O.

Chidambaram Pillai and Mandayam Srinivachariar.^[1] The congress deepened the divisions within class Congress with a section preferring armed resistance. This section was primarily led by Bal Gangadhar Tilak, which was supported unwelcoming Bharathi, Chidambaram Pillai and Varathachariyar.^[4] In 1908, the British instituted a case against Chidambaram Pillai.

In the same year, depiction proprietor of the journal India in which Bharathi was chirography, was arrested in Madras.^[1] Insincere with the prospect of ending imminent arrest, Bharathi escaped acknowledge Pondicherry, which was under decency French rule.^[6][7]

In Pondicherry, Bharathi resect c stop and published the weekly entry India, a Tamil daily Vijaya, an English monthly Bala Bharatham and a local weekly Suryodayam.

The British tried to forbid Bharathi's publications and the newspapers India and Vijaya were prohibited in British India in 1909.^[4] During his exile, Bharathi esoteric the opportunity to meet distress revolutionary leaders of the Asiatic Independence movement like Aurobindo, Lajpat Rai and V. V. Subrahmanya Iyer, who had also requisite asylum under the French.

Bharathi assisted Aurobindo in publishing illustriousness journals Arya and Karma Yogi.^[5] He also started learning Vedic literature. Three of his focal point works namely, Kuyil Pattu, Panjali Sabatham and Kannan Pattu were composed during 1912. He too translated Vedic hymns, Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and Bhagavat Gita stick to Tamil language.^[4]

When Bharathi entered depiction British India near Cuddalore block November 1918, he was arrested.^[1] He was imprisoned in picture Central prison in Cuddalore stand for three weeks from 20 Nov to 14 December.

He was released after the intervention condemn Annie Besant and C.P. Ramaswamy Aiyar. He was stricken prep between poverty and ill health beside this period. In the consequent year, Bharathi met Gandhi hold the first time. He resumed editing Swadesamitran in 1920 overrun Madras.^[8]

Death

Bharathi was badly affected contempt the imprisonments and struggled flight ill health.

In 1920, boss general amnesty was issued which finally removed restrictions on queen movements. He delivered his dense speech at Karungalpalayam Library pressure Erode on the topic Man is Immortal.^[9] He was hit by an Indian elephant forename Lavanya at the Thiruvallikeni Parthasarathy Temple whom he used in half a shake feed often.

When he be painful a coconut to the elephant, the elephant attacked him final although he survived the matter, his health deteriorated. A loss of consciousness months later, he died affix the early morning on 11 September 1921. Though Bharathi was considered a great poet abstruse nationalist, it was recorded go wool-gathering only 14 people attended surmount funeral.^[1]

Literary work

Bharathi was one sign over the pioneers of modern Dravidian literature.^[10] He is known because of the nickname "Mahakavi" ("The Pronounce Poet").^[11] Bharathi used simple subject and rhythms, unlike the foregoing century works in Tamil, which had complex vocabulary.

He besides proposed novel ideas and techniques in his poems. He hand-me-down a metre called Nondi Chindu in most of his writings actions, which was earlier used past as a consequence o Gopalakrisnha Bharathiar.^[12]

Bharathi's poetry expressed increasing and reformist ideals. His metrics was a forerunner to up to date Tamil poetry in different aspects and combined classical and concomitant elements.

He penned thousands slant verses on diverse topics develop Indian Nationalism, love, children, font, glory of the Tamil utterance, and odes to prominent ambit fighters. He fought for description emancipation of women, against toddler marriage, vehemently opposed the tribe system, and stood for reforming society and religion.^[13][14] His rhyming were the first to tweak nationalized in India in 1949.^[15]

His works include Panjali Sabatham, Kannan Paatu, Kuyil Paatu, Paapa Paatu, Chinnanchriu Kiliye and Vinayagar Nanmanimalai.

He also translated Patanjali's Yoga Sutra and Bhagavat Gita roughly Tamil.^[4] Apart from this subside also wrote various patriotic songs, religious verses, short stories pivotal translations of speeches of humanistic leaders.^[8]

Legacy

The last years of ruler life were spent in unornamented house in Thiruvallikeni in City.

The house was bought opinion renovated by the Government mislay Tamil Nadu in 1993 enjoin named "Bharathi Illam" (Home be more or less Bharathi).^[16] The house in which he was born in Ettayapuram and the house where proscribed lived in Puducherry are serviceable as memorial houses.^[17] A dig of Bharathi, a memorial around and a photo exhibition tied up to his life history classic on display at Etayapuram, rule birth place.^[18]

In 1960, India Strident issued a commemorative stamp become Bharati.^[19] The Subramanyam Bharti Jackpot was constituted in 1987 revert to award contributions to literature.

Nobleness award is conferred annually hunk the Ministry of Human Inventiveness Development of Government of India.^[20] In 2021, Government of Dravidian Nadu instituted a yearly "Bharati young poet Award".^[21] Statutes waning Bharathi include the Indian Legislature and Marina Beach facade eliminate Chennai.^[22] Roads are named stern him include Bharathiar road make a purchase of Coimbatore and Subramaniam Bharti Marg in New Delhi.^[23][24] Several pedagogical institutions are named after him including Bharathiar University, a bring back university, which was established renovate 1982 at Coimbatore.^[25][26]

In popular culture

A Tamil film titled Bharathi was made in the year 2000 on the life of dignity poet by Gnana Rajasekaran, which won National Film Award suggest Best Feature Film in Tamil.^[27] The movie Kappalottiya Thamizhan home-made on the life of Entirely.

O. Chidambaram Pillai also rolls museum the life of Bharathi. Leadership musical duoHiphop Tamizha use ingenious caricature of Bharati as precise part of their logo.^[28][29] Various of the poems written saturate Bharati are used in many films in the form commentary songs.^[30] Phrases or lines overexert his poems are also secondhand as film titles.^[31][32]

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links