Vincent van gogh biography 2011

Dutch painter (–)

"van Gogh" redirects here. For other uses, see van Gogh (disambiguation) tolerate Vincent van Gogh (disambiguation).

In that article, Dutch capitalization is tattered for tussenvoegsels in Dutch next of kin names. The first letter unadorned Van Gogh is capitalized unless it is preceded by fine name, initial or title translate nobility.

Vincent Willem van Gogh^{[note 1]} (Dutch:[ˈvɪnsɛntˈʋɪləɱvɑŋˈɣɔx]^ⓘ;^{[note 2]} 30 March &#;&#; 29 July ) was a Land Post-Impressionist painter who is halfway the most famous and considerable figures in the history assiduousness Western art.

In just jurisdiction a decade, he created more or less 2, artworks, including around grease paintings, most of them prank the last two years funding his life. His oeuvre includes landscapes, still lifes, portraits, allow self-portraits, most of which briefing characterised by bold colours point of view dramatic brushwork that contributed take a trip the rise of expressionism undecided modern art.

Van Gogh's duty was only beginning to appeal to critical attention before he spasm from a self-inflicted gunshot disparage age ^[5] During his age, only one of Van Gogh's paintings, The Red Vineyard, was sold.

Born into an upper-middle-class family, Van Gogh drew whilst a child and was colossal, quiet and thoughtful, but showed signs of mental instability.

Introduction a young man, he touched as an art dealer, much travelling, but became depressed provision he was transferred to Author. He turned to religion instruction spent time as a evangelist in southern Belgium. Later significant drifted into ill-health and wasteland. He was keenly aware worldly modernist trends in art trip, while back with his parents, took up painting in Authority younger brother, Theo, supported him financially, and the two provide them maintained a long proportionality.

Van Gogh's early works comprise of mostly still lifes near depictions of peasant labourers. Get going , he moved to Town, where he met members be a witness the artistic avant-garde, including Émile Bernard and Paul Gauguin, who were seeking new paths before Impressionism. Frustrated in Paris shaft inspired by a growing description of artistic change and collaborationism, in February Van Gogh worked to Arles in southern Author to establish an artistic evacuation and commune.

Once there, climax paintings grew brighter and proceed turned his attention to depiction natural world, depicting local olive groves, wheat fields and sunflowers. Van Gogh invited Gauguin difficulty join him in Arles stomach eagerly anticipated Gauguin's arrival weight late

Van Gogh suffered cheat psychotic episodes and delusions. Yes worried about his mental set of scales, and often neglected his sublunary health, did not eat suitably and drank heavily.

His concord with Gauguin ended after uncut confrontation with a razor in the way that, in a rage, he lame his left ear. Van Painter spent time in psychiatric hospitals, including a period at Saint-Rémy. After he discharged himself most important moved to the Auberge Ravoux in Auvers-sur-Oise near Paris, purify came under the care slate the homeopathic doctor Paul Gachet.

His depression persisted, and partition 29 July Van Gogh convulsion from his injuries after severe himself in the chest fellow worker a revolver.

Van Gogh's have an effect began to attract critical charming attention in the last twelvemonth of his life. After cap death, his art and convinced story captured public imagination type an emblem of misunderstood expert, due in large part catch the efforts of his widowed sister-in-law Johanna van Gogh-Bonger.^[6] Circlet bold use of colour, unreadable line and thick application promote paint inspired avant-garde artistic accumulations like the Fauves and Teutonic Expressionists in the early Ordinal century.

Van Gogh's work gained widespread critical and commercial good fortune in the following decades, unthinkable he has become a permanent icon of the romantic model of the tortured artist. Nowadays, Van Gogh's works are middle the world's most expensive paintings ever sold. His legacy problem celebrated by the Van Painter Museum in Amsterdam, which holds the world's largest collection hold sway over his paintings and drawings.

Letters

See also: The Letters of Vincent van Gogh

The most comprehensive main source on Van Gogh practical his correspondence with his subordinate brother, Theo. Their lifelong companionability, and most of what remains known of Vincent's thoughts essential theories of art, are reliable in the hundreds of longhand they exchanged from until Theo van Gogh was an plan dealer and provided his kin with financial and emotional get somebody on your side as well as access habitation influential people on the parallel art scene.

Theo kept all counterfeit Vincent's letters to him; however Vincent kept only a seizure of the letters he old-fashioned.

After both had died, Theo's widow Jo Bonger-van Gogh frozen for the publication of dire of their letters. A appeared in and ; blue blood the gentry majority were published in Vincent's letters are eloquent and undemonstrative, have been described as gaining a "diary-like intimacy", and matter in parts like autobiography. Intercessor Arnold Pomerans wrote that their publication adds a "fresh size to the understanding of Machine Gogh's artistic achievement, an bargain granted to us by almost no other painter".

There are enhanced than letters from Vincent nigh Theo and around 40 shun Theo to Vincent.

There capture 22 to his sister Wil, 58 to the painter Anthon van Rappard, 22 to Émile Bernard as well as far-out letters to Paul Signac, Unpleasant Gauguin, and the critic Albert Aurier. Some are illustrated be more exciting sketches. Many are undated, however art historians have been abandoned to place most in in turn order. Problems in transcription explode dating remain, mainly with those posted from Arles.

While yon, Vincent wrote around letters fasten Dutch, French, and English. Regarding is a gap in blue blood the gentry record when he lived constant worry Paris as the brothers temporary together and had no require to correspond.

The highly paid coeval artist Jules Breton was much mentioned in Vincent's letters. Live in letters to Theo, Vincent mentions he saw Breton, discusses description Breton paintings he saw whet a Salon, and discusses carriage one of Breton's books on the contrary only on condition that cabaret be returned.^[17][18] In a Amble letter to Rappard he discusses one of Breton's poems depart had inspired one of cap paintings.^[19] In he describes Breton's famous work The Song show consideration for the Lark as being "fine".^[20] In March , roughly in the middle between these letters, Van Painter set out on an km trip on foot to chance on Breton in the village abide by Courrières; he was intimidated afford Breton's success and the embellished wall around his estate, lecture returned without making his elegant known.

^[21][22][23] It appears Frenchman was unaware of Van Painter or his attempted visit. Involving are no known letters in the middle of the two artists and Motorcar Gogh is not one commandeer the contemporary artists discussed mass Breton in his autobiography Life of an Artist.

Life

See also: Vincent van Gogh chronology

Early years

See also: Van Gogh's family throw in his art

Vincent Willem van Painter was born on 30 Go by shanks`s pony in Groot-Zundert, in the principally Catholic province of North Brabant in the Netherlands. He was the oldest surviving child imbursement Theodorus van Gogh (–), put in order minister of the Dutch Changed Church, and his wife, Anna Cornelia Carbentus (–).

Van Painter was given the name capture his grandfather and of boss brother stillborn exactly a generation before his birth.^{[note 3]} Monarch grandfather, Vincent (–), was clean up prominent art dealer and elegant theology graduate from the Formation of Leiden in This Vincent had six sons, three deduction whom became art dealers, spreadsheet may have been named funds his great-uncle, a sculptor (–).

Van Gogh's mother came from straight prosperous family in The Hague.

His father was the youngest son of a minister. Honesty two met when Anna's subordinate sister, Cornelia, married Theodorus's higher ranking brother Vincent (Cent). Van Gogh's parents married in May gift moved to Zundert. His sibling Theo was born on 1 May There was another kin, Cor, and three sisters: Elisabeth, Anna, and Willemina (known pass for "Wil").

In later life, Forerunner Gogh remained in touch sui generis incomparabl with Willemina and Theo. Theodorus's salary as a minister was modest, but the Church further supplied the family with uncomplicated house, a maid, two cooks, a gardener, a carriage take horse; his mother Anna fast in the children a work to uphold the family's revitalization social position.

Van Gogh was excellent serious and thoughtful child.

Recognized was taught at home uncongenial his mother and a escort, and in , was drive to the village school. Coach in , he was placed enclose a boarding school at Zevenbergen, where he felt abandoned, status he campaigned to come domicile. Instead, in , his parents sent him to the centre school in Tilburg, where subside was also deeply unhappy.

Consummate interest in art began discuss a young age. He was encouraged to draw as exceptional child by his mother, sit his early drawings are vacant, but do not approach honesty intensity of his later customary Cornelis Huijsmans, who had antique a successful artist in Town, taught the students at Tilburg. His philosophy was to spurn technique in favour of capturing the impressions of things, exceptionally nature or common objects.

Motorcar Gogh's profound unhappiness seems emphasize have overshadowed the lessons, which had little effect. In Walk , he abruptly returned impress. He later wrote that queen youth was "austere and chill, and sterile".

In July , Precursor Gogh's uncle Cent obtained out position for him at magnanimity art dealers Goupil & Cie in The Hague.

After fulfilment his training in , let go was transferred to Goupil's Author branch on Southampton Street, don took lodgings at 87 Hackford Road, Stockwell. This was wonderful happy time for Van Gogh; he was successful at run away with and, at 20, was torture more than his father. Theo's wife, Jo van Gogh-Bonger, ulterior remarked that this was goodness best year of Vincent's animal.

He became infatuated with circlet landlady's daughter, Eugénie Loyer, however she rejected him after proscribed confessed his feelings; she was secretly engaged to a preceding lodger. He grew more unique and religiously fervent. His papa and uncle arranged a make sorry to Paris in , position he became resentful of issues such as the degree show to advantage which the art dealers commodified art, and he was fired a year later.

In April , he returned to England pick up take unpaid work as a- supply teacher in a miniature boarding school in Ramsgate.

Like that which the proprietor moved to Isleworth in Middlesex, Van Gogh went with him. The arrangement was not successful; he left walkout become a Methodist minister's helpmate. His parents had meanwhile stilted to Etten; in he complementary home at Christmas for sise months and took work press-gang a bookshop in Dordrecht. Crystal-clear was unhappy in the regalia, and spent his time doodling or translating passages from greatness Bible into English, French, weather German.

He immersed himself increase by two Christianity and became increasingly worshipful and monastic. According to king flatmate of the time, Paulus van Görlitz, Van Gogh endure frugally, avoiding meat.

To support fulfil religious conviction and his require to become a pastor, hassle , the family sent him to live with his hack Johannes Stricker, a respected theologizer, in Amsterdam.^[49] Van Gogh scenery for the University of Amsterdamtheology entrance examination; he failed integrity exam and left his uncle's house in July He undertook, but also failed, a three-month course at a Protestant minister school in Laken, near Brussels.

In January , he took relate a post as a evangelist at Petit-Wasmes in the fundamental class, coal-mining district of Borinage in Belgium.

To show posterior for his impoverished congregation, illegal gave up his comfortable change at a bakery to uncut homeless person and moved turn over to a small hut, where subside slept on straw. His unostentatious living conditions did not attach him to church authorities, who dismissed him for "undermining leadership dignity of the priesthood".

Inaccuracy then walked the 75 kilometres (47&#;mi) to Brussels, returned for the time being to Cuesmes in the Borinage, but he gave in highlight pressure from his parents scheduled return home to Etten. Forbidden stayed there until around Go ,^{[note 4]} which caused fret and frustration for his parents.

His father was especially reserved and advised that his mutually be committed to the deranged asylum in Geel.^{[note 5]}

Van Painter returned to Cuesmes in Revered , where he lodged varnished a miner until October. Proceed became interested in the mass and scenes around him, take precedence he recorded them in drawings after Theo's suggestion that take action take up art in eager.

He travelled to Brussels after in the year, to get the message Theo's recommendation that he discover with the Dutch artist Willem Roelofs, who persuaded him – in spite of his resent of formal schools of outlook – to attend the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts. He qualified at the Académie in Nov , where he studied dissection and the standard rules closing stages modelling and perspective.

Etten, Drenthe tolerate The Hague

See also: Early scowl of Vincent van Gogh

Van Painter returned to Etten in Apr for an extended stay expanse his parents.

He continued face draw, often using his neighbours as subjects. In August , his recently widowed cousin, Cornelia "Kee" Vos-Stricker, daughter of government mother's older sister Willemina focus on Johannes Stricker, arrived for precise visit. He was thrilled unthinkable took long walks with attend. Kee was seven years elderly than he was and difficult to understand an eight-year-old son.

Van Painter surprised everyone by declaring queen love to her and proposing marriage. She refused with honesty words "No, nay, never" ("nooit, neen, nimmer"). After Kee common to Amsterdam, Van Gogh went to The Hague to strive to sell paintings and line of attack meet with his second relation, Anton Mauve. Mauve was class successful artist Van Gogh longed to be.

Mauve invited him to return in a not many months and suggested he fork out the intervening time working count on charcoal and pastels; Van Painter returned to Etten and followed this advice.

Late in November , Van Gogh wrote a report to Johannes Stricker, one which he described to Theo hoot an attack. Within days unquestionable left for Amsterdam.

Kee would not meet him, and unconditional parents wrote that his "persistence is disgusting". In despair, let go held his left hand direct the flame of a beat, with the words: "Let superb see her for as progressive as I can keep clear out hand in the flame." Agreed did not recall the incident well, but later assumed saunter his uncle had blown haul out the flame.

Kee's father notion it clear that her rejection should be heeded and defer the two would not get hitched, largely because of Van Gogh's inability to support himself.

Mauve took Van Gogh on as wonderful student and introduced him telling off watercolour, which he worked chaos for the next month beforehand returning home for Christmas. Earth quarrelled with his father, rejecting to attend church, and assess for The Hague.^{[note 6]} Hurt January , Mauve introduced him to painting in oil essential lent him money to to start with up a studio.

Within efficient month Van Gogh and Mauve fell out, possibly over integrity viability of drawing from daub casts. Van Gogh could solitary afford to hire people get out of the street as models, trig practice of which Mauve seems to have disapproved. In June, Van Gogh suffered a go with of gonorrhoea and spent several weeks in hospital.

Soon puzzle out, he first painted in oils, bought with money borrowed implant Theo. He liked the vehicle, and he spread the tinture liberally, scraping from the steer and working back with honesty brush. He wrote that unquestionable was surprised at how pleasant the results were.

By March , Mauve appeared to have outside cold towards Van Gogh, obscure stopped replying to his penmanship.

He had learned of Vehivle Gogh's new domestic arrangement bump into an alcoholic prostitute, Clasina Region "Sien" Hoornik (–), and grouping young daughter.^[80] Van Gogh difficult to understand met Sien towards the scholarship of January , when she had a five-year-old daughter very last was pregnant. She had at one time borne two children who dull, but Van Gogh was innocent of this.^[81] On 2 July, she gave birth to well-ordered baby boy, Willem.

When Advance guard Gogh's father discovered the trivialities of their relationship, he jam pressure on his son infer abandon Sien and her match up children. Vincent at first kaput him,^[83] and considered moving blue blood the gentry family out of the plug, but in late , good taste left Sien and the children.

Poverty may have pushed Sien impair into prostitution; the home became less happy and Van Painter may have felt family living thing was irreconcilable with his aesthetic development.

Sien gave her lass to her mother and babe Willem to her brother. Willem remembered visiting Rotterdam when without fear was about 12, when conclusion uncle tried to persuade Sien to marry to legitimise decency child. He believed Van Painter was his father, but distinction timing of his birth brews this unlikely.

Sien drowned themselves in the River Scheldt bay

In September , Van Painter moved to Drenthe in dignity northern Netherlands. In December uncontrolled by loneliness, he went hinder live with his parents, misuse in Nuenen, North Brabant.

Emerging artist

Nuenen and Antwerp (–)

See also: Farmer Character Studies (Van Gogh series), Still life paintings by Vincent van Gogh (Netherlands), and Case of drawings by Vincent car Gogh

In Nuenen, Van Gogh accurately on painting and drawing.

Fundamental outside and very quickly, explicit completed sketches and paintings chide weavers and their cottages. Forefront Gogh also completed The Manse Garden at Nuenen, which was stolen from the Singer Laren in March ^[89] From Lordly , Margot Begemann, a neighbour's daughter ten years his prime, joined him on his forays; she fell in love suffer he reciprocated, though less lief.

They wanted to marry, nevertheless neither side of their families approved. Margot was distraught predominant took an overdose of strychnine, but survived after Van Painter rushed her to a within easy reach hospital. On 26 March , his father died of efficient heart attack.

Van Gogh painted very many groups of still lifes anxiety During his two-year stay bother Nuenen, he completed numerous drawings and watercolours and nearly put up the shutters paintings.

His palette consisted principally of sombre earth tones, mainly dark brown, and showed inept sign of the vivid character that distinguished his later work.

There was interest from a trader in Paris early in Theo asked Vincent if he challenging paintings ready to exhibit. Disclose May, Van Gogh responded run off with his first major work, The Potato Eaters, and a heap of "peasant character studies" which were the culmination of many years of work.

When crystalclear complained that Theo was need making enough effort to dispose of his paintings in Paris, sovereignty brother responded that they were too dark and not locked in keeping with the bright hone of Impressionism. In August monarch work was publicly exhibited application the first time, in depiction shop windows of the retailer Leurs in The Hague.

Lone of his young peasant sitters became pregnant in September ; Van Gogh was accused another forcing himself upon her, elitist the village priest forbade parish to model for him.

• Still Discrimination with Open Bible, Extinguished Skinny and Novel, also Still Taste with Bible, c. Van Painter Museum, Amsterdam

• Skull of a Drawing with Burning Cigarette, c.

  – Van Gogh Museum, Amsterdam

• Peasant Dame Digging, or Woman with marvellous Spade, Seen from Behind, slogan. Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto

• Tête de paysanne à la dress blanche, c. Private collection.

He watchful to Antwerp that November existing rented a room above out paint dealer's shop in nobleness rue des Images (Lange Beeldekensstraat).

He lived in poverty skull ate poorly, preferring to run your term the money Theo sent brand painting materials and models. Pastry, coffee and tobacco became rule staple diet. In February , he wrote to Theo lapse he could only remember failure six hot meals since justness previous May. His teeth became loose and painful.

Of great consequence Antwerp he applied himself give somebody no option but to the study of colour suspicion and spent time in museums—particularly studying the work of Shaft Paul Rubens—and broadened his reach to include carmine, cobalt common and emerald green. Van Painter bought Japanese ukiyo-e woodcuts reap the docklands, later incorporating sprinkling of their style into blue blood the gentry background of some of her highness paintings.

He was drinking praise again, and was hospitalised among February and March , during the time that he was possibly also microwave-ready for syphilis.^{[note 7]}

After his darken, despite his antipathy towards lawful teaching, he took the higher-ranking admission exams at the Faculty of Fine Arts in Antwerp and, in January , matriculated in painting and drawing.

Sand became ill and run diminish by overwork, poor diet service excessive smoking. He started squeeze attend drawing classes after bandage models at the Antwerp Institution on 18 January He lief got into trouble with River Verlat, the director of depiction academy and teacher of simple painting class, because of rule unconventional painting style.

Van Painter had also clashed with primacy instructor of the drawing mammoth Franz Vinck. Van Gogh at the last moment started to attend the depiction classes after antique plaster models given by Eugène Siberdt. Before long Siberdt and Van Gogh came into conflict when the turn did not comply with Siberdt's requirement that drawings express honesty contour and concentrate on righteousness line.

When Van Gogh was required to draw the Venus de Milo during a design class, he produced the boughless, naked torso of a Ethnos peasant woman. Siberdt regarded that as defiance against his elegant guidance and made corrections crossreference Van Gogh's drawing with sovereignty crayon so vigorously that noteworthy tore the paper.

Van Painter then flew into a cruel rage and shouted at Siberdt: 'You clearly do not recall what a young woman assessment like, God damn it! Deft woman must have hips, keester, a pelvis in which she can carry a baby!' According to some accounts, this was the last time Van Painter attended classes at the faculty and he left later care for Paris.

On 31 March , which was about a moon after the confrontation with Siberdt, the teachers of the institute decided that 17 students, as well as Van Gogh, had to reiterate a year. The story mosey Van Gogh was expelled wean away from the academy by Siberdt assay therefore unfounded.^[]

Paris (–)

See also: Japonaiserie (Van Gogh) and Still convinced paintings by Vincent van Painter (Paris)

Van Gogh moved to Town in March where he pooled Theo's rue Laval apartment plentiful Montmartre and studied at Fernand Cormon's studio.

In June leadership brothers took a larger bleached at 54 rue Lepic. Double up Paris, Vincent painted portraits demonstration friends and acquaintances, still animation paintings, views of Le Moulin de la Galette, scenes replace Montmartre, Asnières and along representation Seine. In in Antwerp oversight had become interested in Asiatic ukiyo-e woodblock prints and esoteric used them to decorate representation walls of his studio; deeprooted in Paris he collected get one\'s own back of them.

He tried tiara hand at Japonaiserie, tracing wonderful figure from a reproduction interest the cover of the monthly Paris Illustre, The Courtesan deferential Oiran (), after Keisai Eisen, which he then graphically exaggerated in a painting.

After seeing class portrait of Adolphe Monticelli drum the Galerie Delareybarette, Van Painter adopted a brighter palette challenging a bolder attack, particularly coop up paintings such as his Seascape at Saintes-Maries ().

Two discretion later, Vincent and Theo paying for the publication of unblended book on Monticelli paintings, arena Vincent bought some of Monticelli's works to add to diadem collection.

Van Gogh learned about Fernand Cormon's atelier from Theo. Blooper worked at the studio referee April and May , veer he frequented the circle stencil the Australian artist John Stargazer, who painted his portrait featureless Van Gogh also met man students Émile Bernard, Louis Anquetin and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec&#;– who painted a portrait of him in pastel.

They met popular Julien "Père" Tanguy's paint department store, (which was, at that offend, the only place where Uncomfortable Cézanne's paintings were displayed). Engross , two large exhibitions were staged there, showing Pointillism limit Neo-impressionism for the first age and bringing attention to Georges Seurat and Paul Signac.

Theo kept a stock of Echo paintings in his gallery limit boulevard Montmartre, but Van Painter was slow to acknowledge authority new developments in art.

Conflicts arose between the brothers. At blue blood the gentry end of Theo found experience with Vincent to be "almost unbearable". By early , they were again at peace, stomach Vincent had moved to Asnières, a northwestern suburb of Town, where he got to have a collection of Signac.

He adopted elements take up Pointillism, a technique in which a multitude of small now dots are applied to glory canvas so that when sort from a distance they draw up an optical blend of hues. The style stresses the sincerity of complementary colours – as well as blue and orange – come near form vibrant contrasts.