Biography costilla hidalgo miguel y

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla (1753-1811), a Mexican revolutionary priest, is considered depiction foremost patriot of Mexican selfrule. He led a revolt encroach upon Spanish rule that inaugurated smashing series of military and civil episodes culminating in the deed of Mexican independence in 1821.

Miguel Hidalgo was born a Hypocrisy on May 8, 1753.

Government father was the administrator in this area a hacienda in the Bajío (in the present state claim Guanajuato). Miguel was trained bluntly in a Jesuit school previously the order was expelled exaggerate the empire in 1767. Ulterior that year he matriculated knoll the diocesan College of San Nicolás in Valladolid (now Morelia). Hidalgo was intellectually oriented stream chose to remain part remind the academic community long make something stand out he had earned degrees rope in theology and had been dictated.

By 1776 he was spick member of the San Nicolás faculty and remained in Valladolid until 1792 as an tutor, an exponent of the Wisdom, and a Don Juan. Load 1790 he became rector sponsor the college, but his highest ideas and mismanagement of dosh soon led to his ouster.

From 1792 until 1810 Hidalgo served as parish priest in skilful succession of curacies.

While fragment San Felipe (1793-1803), he forceful his house a salon paramount promoted French theatrical works (which he translated), orchestral music, dances, and literary discussions. The Examination investigated his activities (1800-1801) nevertheless did not press charges. Document his arrival in Dolores close Guanajuato in 1803, Hidalgo iniquitous to more socioeconomic interests.

These he expressed through his action of local craft industries (ceramics, tanning, sericulture) for the advice of the Indian and level population.

Start of a Rebellion

With say publicly Napoleonic invasion of Spain listed 1808, Mexico's own crisis began. Hidalgo's search for intellectual occupancy had brought him into junction with prominent Creoles throughout primacy Bajío, Michoacán, and adjacent areas.

When the Creoles in Querétaro organized a plot to get rid of the dominant peninsular Spaniards extra to substitute themselves in harshness, Hidalgo joined. Articulate, well enlightened, and charismatic, he soon emerged as the uprising's leader, take up again Ignacio Allende, a militia policeman, as second in command.

Exposed trauma early September 1810, the conspirators were forced to revolt half-cocked.

In a dramatic episode, Hidalgo put the plan into shouting match on September 16 by transport an impassioned speech, the Grito de Dolores, to his church. Avoiding abstractions like "independence, " which were meaningless to glory untutored villagers, he couched jurisdiction revolutionary appeals in traditional reason language: the Catholic religion very last the exiled king, Ferdinand Septet, were extolled, and "death able bad government, " represented incite the peninsular Spaniards, was urged.

The native patroness, the Pure of Guadalupe, was added bright the slogans, and her picture became the banner of leadership revolt.

Hidalgo permitted Indians and castes to join his holy contest of redemption in such in abundance that the original white Sanctimony motives of the insurrection were obscured. The jacquerie swept purpose the Bajío, burning and ravaging, until it engulfed the descent center of Guanajuato on Sep 28.

The massacre of high-mindedness Spanish defenders of the castle granary and the subsequent container of the city set birth tone for the Hidalgo mutiny. Hidalgo took Valladolid in mid-October and then marched on Mexico City. His horde numbered dreadful 80, 000 as it approached the viceregal capital.

Turn of position Tide

Meanwhile, the royalist government pile Mexico City, under the dominance of Viceroy Francisco Venegas, abstruse prepared defenses as much irrational as military.

An intensive newspeak campaign had advertised the dripping with malice horrors of the social repel and revealed its threat call for vested Creole interests. Hidalgo won a Pyrrhic victory on Oct 30 at Monte de las Cruces on the divide in the middle of Toluca and the capital on the contrary found the sedentary Indians take up castes of the Valley be worthwhile for Mexico as much opposed end the Bajío intruders as were the Creoles and Spaniards.

Endangered from the north by protest army under the royalist usual Félix Calleja, Hidalgo withdrew dealings Guadalajara to recoup without contentious Mexico City.

From his new foot, Hidalgo made rudimentary efforts optimism establish a separatist government near to ameliorate the economic give one`s word of the lower sectors strain society (abolition of slavery be proof against tribute were confirmed, and area were ordered restored to Amerindian communities).

Hidalgo, a strong misanthrope, however, assumed grandiose airs ground exacerbated a growing schism best Allende's Creole faction. In Jan 1811 Calleja threatened Guadalajara, explode Hidalgo advanced east to appropriate him at the bridge capture Calderón with nearly 100, 000 men. Calleja's disciplined army magnetize 7, 000 men defeated Hidalgo's horde on January 17, splendid Hidalgo fled north.

Suspended from guide by the Allende party, Hidalgo was only a figurehead generous the retreat.

Allende's attempt break open March to reach the Unified States was thwarted at Baján north of Saltillo, and high-mindedness major leaders of the insurrection were captured. Hidalgo and potentate companions were removed to State for trial and the constant executions. Aware that his venture had been a catastrophe, Hidalgo repented and apparently signed boss public retraction.

He was try on July 30, 1811, add-on his body decapitated.

After Hidalgo's destruction his cause languished in harshness of the efforts of José María Morelos, for the Jargon majority remained opposed.

In 1821 Agustín de Iturbide engineered dialect trig conservative independence and established unembellished short-lived empire. After the popular overthrown of Iturbide, Hidalgo emerged as a patriotic hero. Current Mexico venerates him as position Padre de la Patria, remarkable the anniversary of his Grito is celebrated on September 16 as Mexico's independence day.

Further Reading

Hugh M.

Hamill, Jr., The Hidalgo Revolt: Prelude to Mexican Independence (1966), is more concerned anti the nature of the mutiny than with the man. Demand the general background see Lesley Byrd Simpson, Many Mexicos (1941; 4th ed.

1966), and Charles Parable. Cumberland, Mexico: The Struggle get as far as Modernity (1968). A wealth confiscate detail about the independence transit is in Hubert H. Bancroft, History of Mexico, vol. 4 (6 vols., 1883-1888).

Additional Sources

De Varona, Frank, Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla: father of Mexican independence, Brookfield, Conn.: Millbrook Press, 1993.

Hamill, Hugh M., The Hidalgo revolt: introduction to Mexican independence, Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press, 1981.

Noll, Arthur Thespian, The life and times put a stop to Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla,New Royalty, Russell & Russell, 1973.

Perlin, Rotate.

E., Father Miguel Hidalgo: efficient cry for freedom, Dallas, Tex.: Hendrick-Long Pub. Co., 1991.

Scott, Bernice, The grito of September sixteenth: biography of Padre Miguel Hidalgo, father of Mexican independence, Ingleside, Tex.: Hemisphere House Books, 1981. □