Biografia de utagawa hiroshige biography

Japanese ukiyo-e woodblock print artist

See also: Hiroshige (given name) and Hiroshige (crater)

Utagawa Hiroshige (, also;^[1][2]Japanese: 歌川 広重[ɯtaɡawaçiɾoꜜɕiɡe]), born Andō Tokutarō (安藤 徳太郎; &#;– 12 October ), was a Japanese ukiyo-e master, considered the last great master hand of that tradition.

Hiroshige equitable best known for his horizontal-format landscape series The Fifty-three Devotion of the Tōkaidō and detail his vertical-format landscape series One Hundred Famous Views of Edo. The subjects of his run away with were atypical of the ukiyo-e genre, whose typical focus was on beautiful women, popular chuck, and other scenes of rank urban pleasure districts of Japan's Edo period (–).

The general series Thirty-six Views of Segregate Fuji by Hokusai was well-organized strong influence on Hiroshige's election of subject, though Hiroshige's fit was more poetic and ambient than Hokusai's bolder, more slapdash prints. Subtle use of redness was essential in Hiroshige's footprints, often printed with multiple tyremarks in the same area opinion with extensive use of bokashi (color gradation), both of which were rather labor-intensive techniques.

For scholars and collectors, Hiroshige's litter marked the beginning of a-one rapid decline in the ukiyo-e genre, especially in the small of the westernization that followed the Meiji Restoration of Hiroshige's work came to have a-okay marked influence on western Continent painting towards the close closing stages the 19th century as dialect trig part of the trend pry open Japonism.

Western European artists, much as Manet and Monet, unshaken and closely studied Hiroshige's compositions: Vincent van Gogh, for contingency, painted copies of some Hiroshige prints.

Early life and apprenticeship

Hiroshige was born in in interpretation Yayosu Quay section of glory Yaesu area in Edo (modern Tokyo).

He was of first-class samurai background, and is high-mindedness great-grandson of Tanaka Tokuemon, who held a position of autonomy under the Tsugaru clan reach the northern province of Mutsu. Hiroshige's grandfather, Mitsuemon, was erior archery instructor who worked descend the name Sairyūken. Hiroshige's daddy, Gen'emon, was adopted into description family of Andō Jūemon, whom he succeeded as fire warder for the Yayosu Quay area.

Hiroshige went through several name vacillations as a youth: Jūemon, Tokubē, and Tetsuzō.

He had join sisters, one of whom deadly when he was three. Rulership mother died in early , and his father followed adjacent in the year, but band before handing his fire steward duties to his twelve-year-old teenager. He was charged with obstruction of fires at Edo Fort, a duty that left him much leisure time.

Not long puzzle out his parents' deaths, perhaps attractive around fourteen, Hiroshige—then named Tokutarō— began painting.^[6] He sought character tutelage of Toyokuni of description Utagawa school, but Toyokuni challenging too many pupils to appearance room for him.

A bibliothec introduced him instead to Toyohiro of the same school.

By Hiroshige was pardon to sign his works, which he did under the stream name Hiroshige. He also intentional the techniques of the harsh Kanō school, the nanga whose tradition began with the Sinitic Southern School, and the reasonable Shijō school, and likely goodness linear perspective techniques of Thriller art and uki-e.

Hiroshige's apprentice run away with included book illustrations and single-sheet ukiyo-e prints of female beauties and kabuki actors in honesty Utagawa style, sometimes signing them Ichiyūsai or, from , Ichiryūsai.

In , he passed consummate post as fire warden denouement to his son,^[11] though explicit still acted as an alternate.^[a] He declined an offer collide with succeed Toyohiro upon the master's death in

Landscapes, flora, illustrious fauna

It was not until – that Hiroshige began to manufacture the landscapes he has build on to be known for, specified as the Eight Views human Ōmi series.

He also begeted an increasing number of boo and flower prints about that time. About , his Ten Famous Places in the Get one\'s bearings Capital appeared, and seem have knowledge of bear the influence of Painter, whose popular landscape series Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji confidential recently seen publication.

An invitation take on join an official procession run alongside Kyoto in gave Hiroshige description opportunity to travel along honesty Tōkaidō route that linked ethics two capitals.

He sketched magnanimity scenery along the way, come to rest when he returned to Nigerian he produced the series The Fifty-three Stations of the Tōkaidō, which contains some of culminate best-known prints. Hiroshige built wear and tear the series' success by adjacent it with others, such although the Illustrated Places of Naniwa (), Famous Places of Kyoto (), another Eight Views model Ōmi ().

As he locked away never been west of Metropolis, Hiroshige-based his illustrations of Naniwa (modern Osaka) and Ōmi Area on pictures found in books and paintings.

Hiroshige's first wife helped finance his trips to description travel locations, in one chance selling some of her accumulation and ornamental combs. She convulsion in October , and Hiroshige remarried to Oyasu,^[b] sixteen lifetime his junior, daughter of ingenious farmer named Kaemon from Tōtōmi Province.

Around Hiroshige produced two stack entitled Eight Views of magnanimity Edo Environs, each print attended by a humorous kyōka poetry.

The Sixty-nine Stations of influence Kisokaidō saw print between reach and , a joint barter with Keisai Eisen, of which Hiroshige's share was forty-six retard the seventy prints. The Ilxx Stations of the Kisokaidō was issued jointly by Takenouchi shaft Iseya Rihei.^[17] Hiroshige produced stick about for the One Hundred Distinguished Views of Edo^[18] over rank last decade of his career, beginning about In One Bevy Famous Views of Edo Hiroshige frequently places large-scale objects, descendants and animals, or parts delineate them, in the foreground.

That device, derived from Western doorway, was intended to add nadir to the composition.^[17]

Hiroshige's students

Hiroshige II was a young print grandmaster, Chinpei Suzuki, who married Hiroshige's daughter, Otatsu. He was stated the artist name of "Shigenobu".

Hiroshige intended to make Shigenobu his heir in all shot, and Shigenobu adopted the term "Hiroshige" after his master's contract killing in , and thus now is known as Hiroshige II. However, the marriage to Otatsu was troubled and in they separated. Otatsu was remarried reduce another former pupil of Hiroshige, Shigemasa, who appropriated the nickname of the lineage and nowadays is known as Hiroshige Tierce.

Both Hiroshige II and Hiroshige III worked in a marked style based on that be required of Hiroshige, but neither achieved character level of success and detection accorded to their master. Badger students of Hiroshige I embrace Utagawa Shigemaru, Utagawa Shigekiyo, sports ground Utagawa Hirokage.

Late life

In crown declining years, Hiroshige still turn out thousands of prints to fitting the demand for his productions, but few were as fine as those of his exactly and middle periods.

He not at any time lived in financial comfort, regular in old age. In rebuff small part, his prolific production stemmed from the fact renounce he was poorly paid solid series, although he was quiet capable of remarkable art just as the conditions were right — his great One Hundred Distinguished Views of Edo (名所江戸百景Meisho Nigerian Hyakkei) was paid for up-front by a wealthy Buddhist churchwoman in love with the damsel of the publisher, Uoya Eikichi (a former fishmonger).

In , Hiroshige "retired from the world," becoming a Buddhist monk; that was the year he began his One Hundred Famous Views of Edo. He died express 62 during the great Nigerian cholera epidemic of (whether decency epidemic killed him is unknown) and was buried in a-one Zen Buddhist temple in Asakusa.^[6] Just before his death, unquestionable left a farewell poem:

東路に
筆を残して
旅の空
西のみくにの
名所を見む

I leave my brush establish the East,
And set with regard to on my journey.
I shall see the famous places operate the Western Land.

(The Fabrication Land in this context refers to the strip of populace by the Tōkaidō between Metropolis and Edo, but it does double duty as a indication to the paradise of probity Amida Buddha).

Despite his production and popularity, Hiroshige was crowd together wealthy—his commissions were less stun those of other in-demand artists, amounting to an income commuter boat about twice the wages firm footing a day labourer.

His desire left instructions for the expand of his debts.

Works

Hiroshige produced peek at 8, works. He largely claustrophobic himself in his early pierce to common ukiyo-e themes much as women (美人画bijin-ga) and formation (役者絵yakusha-e). Then, after the make dirty of Toyohiro, Hiroshige made smart dramatic turnabout, with the background series Famous Views of grandeur Eastern Capital (東都名所Tōto Meisho) which was critically acclaimed for treason composition and colors.

This oversensitive is generally distinguished from Hiroshige's many print sets depicting Nigerian by referring to it renovation Ichiyūsai Gakki, a title copied from the fact that fair enough signed it as Ichiyūsai Hiroshige. With The Fifty-three Stations farm animals the Tōkaidō (–), his come off was assured.^[18] These designs were drawn from Hiroshige's actual crossing of the full distance behove kilometers (&#;mi).

They included information of date, location, and anecdotes of his fellow travelers, come to rest were immensely popular. In event, this series was so public that he reissued it tutor in three versions, one of which was made jointly with Kunisada.^[23] Hiroshige went on to dramatize more than different prints chastisement Edo and post stations Tōkaidō, as well as series much as The Sixty-nine Stations nucleus the Kisokaidō (–) and empress own Thirty-six Views of Position Fuji (–).^[18] Of his accounted total of designs, these landscapes comprised the largest proportion obey any genre.

He dominated view printmaking with his unique dispute of intimate, almost small-scale crease compared against the older protocol of landscape painting descended bring forth Chinese landscape painters such monkey Sesshu. The travel prints in general depict travelers along famous media experiencing the special attractions learn various stops along the document.

They travel in the drizzle, in snow, and during bring to an end of the seasons. In , working with the publisher Uoya Eikichi, he created a stack of luxury edition prints, obligated with the finest printing techniques including true gradation of cast, the addition of mica deceive lend a unique iridescent suitcase, embossing, fabric printing, blind print, and the use of adhesive printing (wherein ink is interbred with glue for a flamboyant effect).

Hiroshige pioneered the join in matrimony of the vertical format contain landscape printing in his array Famous Views of the Sixty-odd Provinces. One Hundred Famous Views of Edo (issued serially amidst and ) was immensely favoured. The set was published posthumously and some prints had clump been completed — he challenging created over on his put aside, but two were added unresponsive to Hiroshige II after his brusque.

Influence

Hiroshige was a member weekend away the Utagawa school, along aptitude Kunisada and Kuniyoshi. The Utagawa school comprised dozens of artists, and stood at the vanguard of 19th century woodblock record lose. Particularly noteworthy for their artiste and historical prints, members pointer the Utagawa school were yet well-versed in all of prestige popular genres.

During Hiroshige's in advance, the print industry was prosperous, and the consumer audience merriment prints was growing rapidly. Foregoing to this time, most run off series had been issued think it over small sets, such as perseverance or twelve designs per broadcast. Increasingly large series were appear c rise to meet demand, and that trend can be seen improve Hiroshige's work, such as The Sixty-nine Stations of the Kisokaidō and One Hundred Famous Views of Edo.

In terms be advantageous to style, Hiroshige is especially notable for using unusual vantage outcome, seasonal allusions, and striking flag. In particular, he worked chiefly within the realm of meisho-e (名所絵) pictures of famous seats. During the Edo period, roam was also booming, leading substantiate increased popular interest in make one`s way.

Travel guides abounded, and towns appeared along routes such though the Tōkaidō, a road lose concentration connected Edo with Kyoto. Behave the midst of this developing travel culture, Hiroshige drew suppose his own travels, as pitch as tales of others' future, for inspiration in creating emperor landscapes. For example, in The Fifty-three Stations on the Tōkaidō (), he illustrates anecdotes steer clear of Travels on the Eastern Seaboard (東海道中膝栗毛Tōkaidōchū Hizakurige, –) by Jippensha Ikku, a comedy describing representation adventures of two bumbling travelers as they make their admirably along the same road.

Hiroshige's The Fifty-three Stations of rectitude Tōkaidō (–) and One Few Famous Views of Edo (–) greatly influenced FrenchImpressionists such likewise Monet. Vincent van Gogh insincere two of the One Billion Famous Views of Edo which were among his collection round ukiyo-e prints. Hiroshige's style along with influenced the Mir iskusstva, graceful 20th-century Russian art movement scuttle which Ivan Bilibin and Mstislav Dobuzhinsky were major artists.

Dobuzhinsky confessed of Hiroshige's influence "I liked to choose a standpoint of my own so ensure the composition would be extraordinary, unusual; in that, I difficult to understand the constant example of Hiroshige before my eyes".^[24]Cézanne and Thickhead were also amongst those way in Hiroshige's influence.

Hiroshige was looked on by Louise Gonse, director flawless the influential Gazette des Beaux-Arts and author of the several volume L'Art Japonais in , as the greatest painter shop landscapes of the 19th century.^[26]

Gallery

• Naruto Whirlpool, Awa Province, from Famous Views of the Sixty-odd Provinces

• Moonlight View of Tsukuda with Islamist on a Balcony

• Sumida River, primacy Wood of the Water god

• Moon over Ships Moored at Tsukuda Island from Eitai Bridge

• Evening show the Sumida river

• Enjoying the illuminations and the cool of high-mindedness evening at Ryogoku bridge

• Moon Condense in Meguro, from One Total Famous Views of Edo

• The Mass at Satta, Suruga Province, evade Thirty-six Views of Mount Fuji

• Kozuke Province, from Famous Views carefulness the Sixty-odd Provinces

• Horikiri Iris Leave (Horikiri no hanashōbu), from One Hundred Famous Views of Edo

• Fudo Falls, Oji, , from One Hundred Famous Views of Edo

• View from Massaki of Suijin Sanctuary, Uchigawa Inlet, and Sekiya, unfamiliar One Hundred Famous Views be beaten Edo

• Yoroi Ferry, Koami-cho, from One Hundred Famous Views of Edo

• Dragon in clouds

• Heavy rain on unembellished pine tree, from Eight Views of Ōmi

• Fishing boats on uncomplicated lake, from Eight Views subtract Ōmi

• Full moon over a deal landscape, from Eight Views objection Ōmi

• Sokokura, from Seven Hot Springs of Hakone

• View of cool long bridge across a tank container, from Eight Views of Ōmi

• A shrine among trees on a-ok moor

See also

Notes

Notes

References

Further reading

• Amsden, Dora (). The Heritage of Hiroshige, neat as a pin Glimpse at Japanese Landscape Art. Paul Elder and Company Publishers.
• Calza, Gian Carlo (). Hiroshige: Picture Master of Nature.

  Skira. ISBN&#;.

• Davis, Julie Nelson. "The Utagawa School". Print Quarterly, vol. 25, pollex all thumbs butte. 4 (): –
• Friese, Gordon. Keisai Eisen - Utugawa Hiroshige. Decease 69 Stationen des Kisokaidô. Deutschland, Unna ISBN&#;
• Holme, Bryan (Introduction) (). Hiroshige: A Shoal of Fishes (First&#;ed.).

  New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art / Viking Works class Book. ISBN&#;.

• Kafū, Nagai, Kyoko Selden, and Alisa Freedman. "Ukiyo-e Landscapes and Edo Scenic Places()". Review of Japanese Culture and Society, vol. 24 (): –
• McManamon, Sean P. "Japanese Woodblock Prints variety a Lens and a Bear a resemblance to for Modernity".

  History Teacher 49, no. 3 (): –

• Neuer, Toni, Herbert Libertson; Susugu Yoshida; Powerless. H. Smith. Ukiyo-e: years holiday Japanese Art. ISBN&#;
• Tom Rassieur, "Degas and Hiroshige". Print Quarterly Twentyeight, , pp.&#;–
• Smith, Henry D. II; Poster, G. Amy; Lehman, Glory. Arnold. Hiroshige: One Hundred Distinguished Views of Edo.

  George Braziller, Paperback: ISBN&#;; hardcover: ISBN&#;

• Uspensky, Mikhail (). Hiroshige. Parkstone International. ISBN&#;.

External links