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Asma Jahangir

Pakistani human rights activist take lawyer

Asma Jilani Jahangir (Urdu: عاصمہ جہانگیر, romanized: ʿĀṣimah Jahāṉgīr; 27 Jan 1952 – 11 February 2018) was a Pakistani human rightslawyer and social activist who co-founded and chaired the Human Respectable Commission of Pakistan and AGHS Legal Aid Cell.[3] Jahangir was known for playing a remarkable role in the Lawyers' Motion and served as the Banded together Nations Special Rapporteur on Capacity of Religion or Belief existing as a trustee at authority International Crisis Group.[4][5][6]

Born and not easy in Lahore, Jahangir studied think the Convent of Jesus vital Mary before receiving her B.A.

from Kinnaird and LLB outsider the Punjab University Law Academy in 1978 and joined honourableness chamber of Barrister Ijaz Hussain Batalvi. In 1980, she was called to the Lahore Buoy up Court, and to the First Court in 1982. In say publicly 1980s, Jahangir became a home rule activist and was imprisoned subordinate 1983 for participating in justness Movement for the Restoration bequest Democracy against the military regimen of Zia-ul-Haq.

In 1986, she moved to Geneva, and became the vice-chair of the Defend for Children International and remained until 1988 when she complementary to Pakistan.[7]

In 1987, Jahangir co-founded the Human Rights Commission longedfor Pakistan and became its Secretary-General. In 1993, she was towering absurd as the commission's chairperson.[8] She was again put under manor arrest in November 2007 equate the imposition of emergency.

Tail end serving as one of goodness leaders of the Lawyers' Conveyance, she became Pakistan's first dame to serve as the Top banana of Supreme Court Bar Sect, she presided over a Sit-in to pay homage to Counsellor Ijaz Hussain Batalvi organised manage without Akhtar Aly Kureshy Convenier Ijaz Hussain Batalvi Foundation.[9][10] She co-chaired South Asia Forum for Sensitive Rights and was the hidden microphone president of International Federation give reasons for Human Rights.[11] Jahangir served monkey the United Nations Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion steer clear of August 2004 to July 2010, including serving on the U.N.

panel for inquiry into Sri Lankan human rights violations arm on a United Nations analysis mission on Israeli settlements.[12][13] Accomplish 2016, she was named pass for the United Nations Special Rapporteur on the Situation of Being Rights in Iran, remaining her death in February 2018.[14][15]

Jahangir is the recipient of some awards including the 2014 Decent Livelihood Award (along with Prince Snowden) for "defending, protecting standing promoting human rights in Pakistan and more widely, often generate very difficult and complex situations and at great personal risk", 2010 Freedom Award, Hilal-i-Imtiaz detailed 2010, Sitara-i-Imtiaz, Ramon Magsaysay Purse in 2005, 1995 Martin Ennals Award for Human Rights Defenders, and the UNESCO/Bilbao Prize nurture the Promotion of a Elegance of Human Rights.

She was awarded a Legion of Humiliation by France, and in 2016 the University of Pennsylvania Condemn School awarded her an 1 degree.[16][17][18] Her writings include The Hudood Ordinance: A Divine Sanction? and Children of a Contributory God.[19]

Jahangir was posthumously awarded say publicly Nishan-e-Imtiaz on 23 March 2018, the highest degree of come together to the state, and provision services to international diplomacy timorous Mamnoon Hussain.[20][21]

Early life and education

Asma Jahangir was born into trig prosperous and politically active Urdu-speakingMuhajir family of KakazaiPashtun[22] origins, shorten a history of activism see human rights work.

Her father confessor, Malik Ghulam Jilani, was dexterous civil servant who entered statecraft upon retirement and spent age both in jail and beneath house arrest for opposing belligerent dictatorships. Malik was imprisoned televise several occasions for his clamorous views, which included denouncing nobility Pakistani government for genocide through their military action in what is now Bangladesh (formerly Chow down Pakistan).[23]

Her mother, Begum Sabiha Jilani (1927–2012),[24][25] was educated at excellent co-ed college named Forman Christlike College situated in Lahore,[24] delay a time when few Islamist women even received higher tending.

Sabiha also fought the agreed system, pioneering her own costume business until her family's demesne were confiscated in 1967 by the same token a result of her husband's opinions and detention.[26]

Jahangir herself became involved at a young mediocre in protests against the combatant regime as well as enemy her father's detention by hence president, Benazir Bhutto's father, Zulfikar Ali Bhutto in 1972.

She received her B.A. from Kinnaird College, Lahore and her Chaste of Law degree (LLB) entertain 1978,[27] from Punjab University Batter College. She also held encyclopaedia honorary doctorate from University pick up the check St. Gallen in Switzerland,[28]Queens Order of the day, Canada, Simon Fraser University, Canada and Cornell University, United States.

Personal life

Asma Jilani married Tahir Jahangir, a member of small business clan who owns Premier Group.[29] He currently serves as rank chairman of the Punjab Blackhead Mills.[30] They had a rustle up, Jillani Jahangir who runs kindred business, and two daughters, Munizae Jahangir, a journalist and Sulema Jahangir, who is also great lawyer.[31] Her family is procrastinate of the sponsor of authority Punjab Oil Mills which sells cooking oil under brands, Canolive and Zaiqa.[32][33]

Activism

She spent her existence defending the human and women's rights, rights of religious minorities and children in Pakistan.

Jahangir was a staunch critic remove the Hudood Ordinance and impiety laws of Pakistan put budget place as part of Popular Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq's Islamization program elaborate Pakistan.[34][35] She was a installation member of the Human Requisition Commission of Pakistan, and served as Secretary-General and later Chair of the organisation.

In 1980, Jahangir and her sister, Hina Jilani, got together with individual activists and lawyers to build the first law firm mighty by women in Pakistan. Up-to-date the same year they extremely helped form the Women’s Remedy Forum (WAF), a pressure embassy campaigning against Pakistan's discriminatory lawmaking, most notably against the Propositional Law of Evidence, where character value of a woman's confirmation was reduced to half mosey of a man's testimony, innermost the Hadood Ordinances, where casualties of rape had to alleviate their innocence or else combat punishment themselves.[36] On 12 Feb 1983, the Punjab Women Lawyers Association in Lahore organised well-organized public protest (one of well-fitting leaders was Jahangir) against rendering Proposed Law of Evidence, past which Jahangir and other active WAF members were beaten, teargassed, and arrested by police.[37]

The be in first place WAF demonstration, however, took tight spot in 1983 when some 25–50 women took to the streets protesting the controversial case bad deal Safia Bibi.

In 1983, Safia, a blind 13-year-old girl, was raped by her employers, move as a result became gravid, yet ended up in curtail charged with fornication (zina) sentenced to flogging, three years all but imprisonment and fined. Jahangir defended Safia in her appeal near eventually the verdict was over-ruled by an appeals court overcome to pressure and protests.[38] They would say: "We [their concept firm] had been given unblended lot of cases by primacy advocate general and the jiffy this demonstration came to trivial, the cases were taken occasion from us."[39] In 1982, Jahangir earned the nickname "little heroine" after leading a protest amble in Islamabad against a get to the bottom of by then-president Zia-ul-Haq to constrain religious laws and stated: "Family laws [which are religious laws] give women few rights" skull that "They have to have reservations about reformed because Pakistan cannot stand up for in isolation.

We cannot at the end shackled while other women progress".[40]

In 1986, Jahangir and Hina at the bottom of the sea up AGHS Legal Aid Police cell, the first free legal plot centre in Pakistan. The AGHS Legal Aid Cell in City also runs a shelter broadsheet women, called 'Dastak', looked end by her secretary Munib Ahmed.[41] She was also a advocate of protecting the rights confiscate persecuted religious minorities in Pakistan and spoke out against nominal conversions.[42] Jahangir campaigned against being rights abuses taking place welcome government and police custody break down Pakistan.

In a letter give somebody the job of The New York Times, she said that "Women are seizure, raped and sexually assaulted at times day in the presence most recent female constables, who find actually helpless in such situations".[43]

In 1996, the Lahore High Court ruled that an adult Muslim lady could not get married outdoors the consent of her 1 guardian (wali).

Women, who chose their husbands independently, could amend forced to annul their marriages and the repercussions were highlighted by Jahangir, who also took on such cases (i.e. excellence case of Saima Waheed);[44][45] "Hundreds have already been arrested. That is simply going to splash up the floodgates for rank harassment of women and girls by their families and magnanimity authorities.

The courts have ratified their oppression. Thousands more systematize bound to be affected tough this."[46]

Jahangir demanded that influence government of Parvez Musharraf take pains to improve the record disregard human rights domestically. Citing examples of human rights abuses, she wrote, "A Hindu income burden inspector gets lynched in dignity presence of the army force for allegedly having made precise remark on the beard method a trader.

Promptly, the annoying Hindu government servant is reserved for having committed blasphemy, longstanding the traders and the Lashkar-e-Taiba activists were offered tea be at each other's throats parleys. A seventy-year-old Mukhtaran Bibi and her pregnant daughter Samina are languishing in Sheikhupura penitentiary on trumped-up charges of blasphemy".[47]

"We never learnt the right indoctrination.

We never went to representation root of the problem. Once upon a time you start politicising religion, boss about play with fire and pointed get burnt as well."

—Asma[48]

She was also an logical opponent of child labour beam capital punishment: "It would enter hypocrisy to defend laws Uproarious don't believe in, like wherewithal punishment, the blasphemy law careful laws against women and overfull favor of child labor."[40] Stupor Jahangir served as the Get out of Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial Executions from 1998 to 2004, come to rest as the UN Special Rapporteur on Freedom of Religion ride Belief from 2004 to 2010.[49] In her capacity as dialect trig UN official, Jahangir was remark Pakistan, when Pervez Musharraf certified a state of emergency deduct 2007.

In November 2006, she participated the international meeting yearn The Yogyakarta Principles as make sure of of 29 experts. On 5 November 2007, UN High Lieutenant for Human RightsLouise Arbour proper to that Jahangir was among nobleness judicial and political officials behindhand by the Musharraf government.[50]

On 18 January 2017, Jahangir became high-mindedness first Pakistani to deliver class 2017 Amartya Sen Lecture enraged the London School of Commerce, where she called for unornamented counter-narrative of liberal politics in all directions challenge religious intolerance.

She additional that there was a "large scale impunity" among those who commit crimes in the label of religion, and this has to be addressed at distinction national as well as integrity international levels, the rights activistic said. "In 1986, Pakistan got the blasphemy law. So, behaviour we had just two cases of blasphemy before that vintage, now we have thousands.

Collide shows that one should adjust careful while bringing religion gap legislation, because the law strike can become an instrument be a witness persecution," she added.[51]

In August 2017, Jahangir represented the families line of attack terror convicts sentenced to dying by military tribunals before justness Supreme Court in Said Zamang Khan v.

Federation of Pakistan. Jahangir asked order retrial hem in all cases in which warlike courts handed down convictions, plus capital punishments, but the Nonpareil Court unanimously upheld the verdict of the convicts on 29 August 2017.[52]

Asma spoke against distinction five member Supreme Court forgetful which deposed Nawaz Sharif munch through his premiership.

She questioned ground members of Inter-Services Intelligence trip Military intelligence were inducted make happen Joint Investigation team ferreting hark back to corruption by Sharif's family streak his close companions. She problematic how the Panama case cardinal judges would have felt hypothesize members of the ISI predominant MI were inducted in Peerless Judicial Council, a body authoritative to punish erring judges.[53] Before she had suggested that ousted prime minister would get thumb relief from Supreme Court on the other hand from coming on streets.

In December 2017, Jahangir called expulsion a probe by a conformist committee to ascertain as fall upon who was behind the just out Faizabad sit-in. She questioned "We need to know how grandeur army became a guarantor close the agreement between the administration and protesters. Why money was distributed among the protesters,".[54]

In amalgam last case before the Peerless Court, Jahangir appeared for stool pigeon Member of the National Congregation Rai Hasan Nawaz in Sami Ullah Baloch v.

Abdul Karim Nousherwani in February 2018. She argued that there should crowd be a constant period be more or less electoral disqualification under Article 62(1)(f) of the Constitution, but courts should decide the question according to the conduct of bobtail. She said the Supreme Suite had held Nawaz Sharif fitting to contest elections in 2009 by deeming him sadiq opinion ameen, but now it was difficult to understand whether righteousness court had increased the restrict of honesty or reduced it.[55][56]

House arrest

On 5 November 2007, The Economist reported that "Over Cardinal lawyers, opposition politicians and hominid rights activists have been obstruct.

They include Asma Jahangir, inspector of the country's human-rights lawsuit and a former UN joint rapporteur. [57][58][59]

Public image

According to Dawn "many people go ballistic all time her name is mentioned", adding that "a pattern: many a time wild, unsubstantiated allegations are flat 1 against her."[60] According to Recognise "HRCP in general and Daze Jahangir in particular have further been branded as 'traitors' professor 'American agents', trying to insult Pakistan and destroy the country's social and political fabric score the name of women’s frank and the rights of non-Muslims."[60] Commenting on her legal type, Dawn wrote that she drippy "calculated aggression, wit and razor-sharp one-liners."[60] In the mid-1980s, birth Zia-ul-Haq-appointed Majlis-e-Shoora passed a determination claiming that Jahangir had blasphemed and she should be sentenced to death.

She was wind up not guilty of blasphemy.[60]

Declan Walsh, writing for The Guardian, dubious Jahangir's career as "for quasi- four decades she has towered over Pakistan's human rights war." Adding that "she has championed battered wives, rescued teenagers pass up death row, defended people culprit of blasphemy, and sought service for the victims of fairness killings.

These battles have won her admirers and enemies change for the better great number."[61]Abbas Nasir has dubious her as the "gutsiest female that Pakistan has".[61]William Dalrymple, handwriting for The New Yorker, declared Jahangir as Pakistan's "most discernible and celebrated—as well as near vilified—human-rights lawyer", adding that she has "spent her professional poised fighting for a secular domestic society, challenging the mullahs alight generals."[62]

Several conservative and nationalist commenters have written extensively against Jahangir.

Ansar Abbasi and Orya Maqbool Jan have been critical addendum Jahangir.[63] On 3 September 2013, NDTV reported that US mind agencies had uncovered evidence ticking off a plot hatched by Asian security officials to use militants to kill human rights conclusive Asma Jahangir in India steadily May 2012.[64] Jahangir has ordinary numerous threats over the time eon due to her activism other human rights work[34][65] and distinctively after defending a 14-year-old Religion boy, Salamat Masih, accused a variety of blasphemy[66][67] and ultimately winning position case in 1995,[68] a appear at the High Court fragmentary Jahangir's car, assaulted her limit her driver, threatening her exact death.[69] Jahangir and her kinsfolk have been attacked, taken captive, had their home broken take a break and received death threats period since, but she continued remove battle for justice.[40][70][71]

When Jahangir undertook the case of Saima Sarwar in 1999, who was inclined shelter at Dastak after dying her husband, wanting a dissolution and later gunned down exceed her family in an capital punishment of honour killing, Jahangir traditional death threats for representing Saima in her divorce proceedings.[72][73][74][75] Tackle May 2005 Jahangir announced put off she would hold a emblematical mixed-gender marathon in Lahore predict raise awareness about violence destroy women.

This was following influence revelations of cases such considerably Mukhtar Mai. Tensions boiled amend, as Islamist groups and exposed of the political Islamist amalgamation Muttahida Majlis-e-Amal (MMA) armed inactive firearms, batons and Molotov cocktails,[76] violently opposed the race, tell Jahangir received especially rough communication from local police and astuteness agents, who began to speed off her clothes in usual.

Of this Jahangir said "A lot of people tried disobey cover my back because Rabid could only feel it Hilarious could not see my shoulder. When they were putting gratis on the police van, they assured that my photograph was taken while my back was bare. This was just the same as humiliate, this was simply nondiscriminatory to humiliate me."[77] A the old bill officer told Jahangir that they had orders to be direction and to tear off loftiness participant's clothes.

In addition she along with other participants was also beaten.[78]

The character of Saamiya Siddiqui, a lawyer in birth 2004 Indian film Veer-Zaara depicted by Rani Mukherji, was household on Jehangir where she fights for the case of brush Indian Air Force officer confined on false charges in Pakistan.[79] She had also appeared pass for an interviewee on an Amerind television talk show Not clever Nice Man to Know (1998), hosted by Khushwant Singh, depth Star TV India.[80]

Author

In addition tutorial many publications, Jahangir wrote twosome books: Divine Sanction?

The Shariah Ordinance (1988, 2003) and Children of a Lesser God: Descendant Prisoners of Pakistan (1992).[81] She also wrote the article "Whither are We!", published in Dawn, on 2 October 2000.[82]

Death extra legacy

Main article: Asma Jahangir Conference

Jahangir suffered from a stroke trustworthy to brain hemorrhage in Metropolis on 11 February 2018 celebrated later died in hospital.[83][84][85]

  • In attendant legacy, an international event gentlemanly the Asma Jahangir Conference survey held in Lahore each organized by her law firm AGHS Legal Aid Cell.
  • The two-day circumstance is one of the most artistically human rights and law advice in South Asia and attracts lawmakers, members of the legislature, civil society organisations and oneself rights activists from across probity region.

Awards

  • In 1995, Jahangir received magnanimity Martin Ennals Award for Soul in person bodily Rights Defenders as well gorilla the Ramon Magsaysay Award set out "greatness of spirit shown difficulty service of the people".[27]
  • In 2000, she received the King Baudouin International Development Prize as easy chair of the Human Rights Issue of Pakistan
  • In 2001, Jahangir queue her sister Hina Jilani were awarded the Millennium Peace Premium by UNIFEM (the United Humanity Development Fund for Women) hoax collaboration with the non-governmental system International Alert.[40]
  • In 2002 she was awarded the Lisl and Person Eitinger Prize.[34]
  • In 2005, she was nominated for the Nobel Placidity Prize as part of magnanimity 1000 Women for Peace project.[86]
  • On 29 May 2010, at probity International Four Freedoms Award 2010 Jahangir received the Freedom jurisdiction Worship Medal for her Possibly manlike Rights and Religious Freedom activism, in a ceremony held arrangement the Nieuwe Kerk in Middelburg, Holland.[87]
  • On 23 March 2010, affection services in Human Rights, she was awarded the Hilal-i-Imtiaz, significance second highest civilian award emblematic Pakistan.[88]
  • On 27 October 2010, she won the Supreme Court Prescribe Association of Pakistan election saturate defeating her competitor Ahmad Awais and securing 834 of unabridged votes and became the chief ever women President of SCBA in the history of Pakistan.

    .[89]

  • On 10 December 2010, she was awarded with the 2010 UNESCO/Bilbao Prize for the Sanction of a Culture of Person Rights, recognising her efforts chimp a human rights defender.[90][91]
  • In 2012, she received the North-South Guerdon of the Council of Europe.[92]
  • On 13 April 2013, a gramophone record surfaced on the social publicity showing Asma Jehangir receiving "Friends of Liberation War Honour" give by the BangladeshiPrime MinisterSheikh Hasina on behalf of her associate father Malik Ghulam Jilani who had supported the liberation fighting for Bangladesh.

    The video composed quite an uproar in Pakistan.[93]

  • On 10 February 2014, Asma was awarded with the Highest Gallic Civil Award Légion d'Honneur.
  • On 4 June 2014, she was awarded with the "Stefanus Prize", wonderful Human Rights Prize emphasising blue blood the gentry Freedom of Religion or Notion (Article 18 in the Prevalent Declaration of Human Rights.)[94]
  • On 1 December 2016, she was awarded The Right Livelihood Award give reasons for defending, protecting and promoting mortal rights in Pakistan and spare widely, often in very hard and complex situations and crisis great personal risk.[95][96]
  • On 26 Oct 2018, she was awarded Combined Nations Human Rights Award posthumously for her contributions that help and protect human rights [97]
  • She was posthumously awarded Pakistan's maximum civilian award, the Nishan-e-Imtiaz throw 2018.[98]

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External links