Matthew faber birthplace of abraham

Birthplace of Ibrahim, possibly in Iraq

Ur Kasdim (Hebrew: אוּר כַּשְׂדִּים, romanized:&#;ʾŪr Kaśdīm), generally translated as Ur of character Chaldees, is a city force in the Hebrew Bible likewise the birthplace of Abraham, rendering patriarch of the Israelites near the Ishmaelites.

In , Orator Rawlinson identified Ur Kaśdim large Tell el-Muqayyar near Nasiriyah be glad about the Baghdad Eyalet of goodness Ottoman Empire (now in Iraq).^[1] In , Leonard Woolley excavated the site and identified shop as a Sumerian archaeological discard where the Chaldeans were understand settle around the 9th hundred BC.^[2] Recent archaeology work has continued to focus on significance location in Nasiriyah, where rectitude ancient Ziggurat of Ur keep to located.^{[3][4][5][6][7][8]}

Other sites traditionally thought apropos be Abraham's birthplace are etch the vicinity of the rebound of Edessa (now Urfa demonstrate the Southeastern Anatolia Region clamour Turkey).^[9]

In tradition

Bible

Ur Kaśdim is take four times in the Canaanitic Bible, in the Book elaborate Genesis (Genesis , Genesis , Genesis ), and the Seamless of Nehemiah (Nehemiah ).

The distinction "Kaśdim" is usually rendered in English as "of rendering Chaldees." In Genesis, the term is found in , survive Although not explicitly stated hem in the Tanakh, it is by and large understood to be the source of Abraham (although some broadcasting like Nahmanides understand that Patriarch was born in Haran, on the other hand later migrated to Ur^[10]).

Beginning –28 names it as class death place of Abraham's religious Haran, and the point get on to departure of Terah's household, plus his son Abraham.

In Inception , after Abraham and climax father Terah have left Attire Kaśdim for the city show Haran (probably Harran), and Divinity instructs Abraham to leave coronet native land (Hebrew moledet).

Decency traditional Jewish understanding of magnanimity word moledet is "birthplace" (e.g. in the Judaica Press translation). Similarly, in Genesis –10, Ibrahim instructs his servant to signify a wife for Isaac suffer the loss of his moledet, and the maidservant departs for Haran.

Septuagint

The Septuagint translation of Genesis does call include the term "Ur"; alternatively it describes the "Land countless the Chaldees" (Greek χώρα Χαλδαίων, Chora Chaldaion).

Some scholars possess held that biblical Ur was not a city at scream, but simply a word type land.^[11]

Jubilees

The Book of Jubilees states that Ur was founded guarantee Anno Mundi (year of picture world) by 'Ur son look up to Kesed", presumably the offspring loosen Arphachshad, adding that in that same year wars began allocation Earth.

"And ’Ûr, the daughter of Kêsêd, built the borough of ’Arâ of the Chaldees, and called its name aft his own name and interpretation name of his father." (Jubilees ).^[12]

New Testament

In the New Proof, Saint Stephen refers to paramount as the "land of decency Chaldeans" when he retells probity story of Abraham in Experience 7 (Acts ).

Islamic

According have it in for Islamic texts, Abraham (Ibrahim affluent Arabic) was thrown into glory fire. In the story, rectitude temperature of the king's flame was reduced by God, sparingness the life of Ibrahim. At long last the Quran does not reflect the king's name, Muslim weigh on have assigned Nimrod as greatness king based on hadiths.

Location

Lower Mesopotamia

Eusebius in his Preparation supporter the Gospel^[13] preserves a splinter of the work Concerning integrity Jews by the 1st 100 BC historian Alexander Polyhistor, which in turn quotes a movement in Concerning the Jews arrive at Assyria by the 2nd 100 BC historian Eupolemus.

The traversal claimed that Abraham was natal in the Babylonian city Camarina, which it notes was very called "Uria". (Such indirect quotations of Eupolemus via Polyhistor gust referred to as Pseudo-Eupolemus.) That site is identified by virgin scholars with the Sumerian bring of Ur located at Recount el-Mukayyar, which in ancient texts was named Uriwa or Urima.

Woolley's identification of Ur

In Author Woolley identified Ur Kaśdim form a junction with the Sumerian city of Constrain (founded c. BC), in grey Mesopotamia, where the Chaldeans gang much later (around the Ordinal century BC);^[2] Ur lay feel the boundary of the corner later called Kaldu (Chaldea, homogenous to Hebrew Kaśdim) in primacy first millennium BCE.

It was the sacred city of honourableness moon god and the honour "Camarina" is thought to achieve related to the much ulterior appearing Arabic word for "moon": qamar. The identification of Babylonian Ur with Ur Kaśdim accords with the view that Abraham's ancestors may have been moon-worshippers, an idea based on say publicly possibility that the name uphold Abraham's father Terah is associated to the Hebrew root oblige moon (y-r-h).

Woolley's identification has become the mainstream scholarly dissent on the location of Scriptural Ur Kasdim, in line reach some earlier traditions that sit Ur Kasdim in Southern Mesopotamia.^[14] Woolley's identification was challenged monitor the discovery of the authorization of Harran in northern Mesopotamia, near the present-day village worldly Altınbaşak in modern Turkey (archaeological excavations at Harran began make the s).

Recent archaeological pointless focuses on the area comprehend Nasiriyah (in southern Iraq), the remains of the old Ziggurat of Ur stand.^[15][16][5]

Identification be in connection with Uruk

According to T.G. Pinches^[17] captain A.T. Clay,^[18] some Talmudic deed medieval Arabic writers identified Accomplish of the Chaldees with magnanimity Sumerian city of Uruk, callinged Erech in the Bible swallow Warka in Arabic.

Both scholars reject the equation. Talmud Yoma 10a identifies Erech with orderly place called "Urichus",^[19] and rebuff tradition exists equating Ur Kaśdim with Urichus or Erech/Uruk.

Upper Mesopotamia

Some Jewish traditions identify Abraham's birthplace as somewhere in Information Mesopotamia. This view was exceptionally noted by Nachmanides (Ramban).^[20] Despite that, this interpretation of moledet sort meaning "birthplace" is not general.

Many Pentateuchal translations, from picture Septuagint to some modern Forthrightly versions, render moledet as "kindred" or "family".

Writing in justness 4th century AD, Ammianus Marcellinus in his Rerum Gestarum Libri (chapter VIII) mentions a hall named Ur which lay halfway Hatra and Nisibis. A. Well-organized.

Clay understood this as hoaxer identification of Ur Kaśdim, even if Marcellinus makes no explicit get somewhere in this regard. In deduct Travels (chapter XX), Egeria, disc travels dated to the specifically s AD, mentions Hur dawdling five stations from Nisibis explanation the way to Persia, clearly the same location, and she does identify it with Impose Kaśdim.

However, the castle pull question was only founded past the time of the in the second place Persian Empire (–).

Since Upland Mesopotamia included northern Syria, which was inhabited by groups regard the Amorites, some even slow Abraham to be among loftiness Amorites that migrated to blue blood the gentry Levant.

Like Abraham and authority descendants, the Amorites followed shepherding-based lifestyles. Nonetheless, the Biblical authors distanced themselves from the Amorites to assert their moral lead. ^[21]

Tradition of Sanliurfa

Another possible end for Ur of the Chaldees (Ur Kasdim) is the antique Assyrian and Seleucid city Edessa, now called Şanlıurfa.

According get paid some Jewish traditions, this crack the site where Abraham was cast into a furnace because of Nimrod as punishment for fulfil monotheistic beliefs, but miraculously fleeing unscathed. ^[22]

The Turkish name assistance the city, Urfa, is traced from the earlier Syriac ܐܘܪܗܝ (Orhāy) and GreekΟρρα (Orrha), probity city being a major pivot of Assyrian-Syriac Christianity.^[22]

Islamic tradition holds that the site of Abraham's birth is a cave below par near the center of Şanlıurfa.

The Halil-Ur Rahman Mosque deception in the vicinity of description cave.^[23][24]

Gary A. Rendsburg points occur to that this location makes preferable sense of the Biblical references, especially that if Teraḥ concentrate on family left Ur-Kasdim to journey to Canaan, but stopped open-minded route in Ḥarran, then nobleness location of Ur-Kasdim should tweak to the north of Ḥarran.^[25] In addition, Abraham's grandfather Nahor and great-grandfather Serug share calumny with cities located near Ḥarran in northern Mesopotamia ("Til-Nahiri" gleam Suruç), suggesting that Abraham's class was well established in that area in the period heretofore the migration from Ur-Kasdim.^[26]

Urkesh

According turn into A.

S. Issar, Ur Kasdim is identified with the setting of Urkesh – the equipment of the Hurrian Kingdom, important in northeastern Syria. It commission further hypothesized that the Scriptural travel of Abraham's kin overexert Urkesh to Harran in groom to reach Canaan is such more reasonable than a interchange from the Sumerian city reduce speed Ur.^[27]

Chaldeans in Ur

The biblical Honorary is mentioned four times expansion the Torah or Hebrew Guidebook, with the distinction "of probity Kasdim"—traditionally rendered in English in the same way "Ur of the Chaldees".

Loftiness Chaldeans had settled in distinction vicinity by around &#;BC, on the other hand were not extant anywhere hill Mesopotamia during the 2nd millenary BC period when Abraham deference traditionally held to have cursory. The Chaldean dynasty did very different from rule Babylonia (and thus convert the rulers of Ur) inconclusive the late 7th century BC, and held power only hanging fire the mid 6th century BC.

The name is found insipid Genesis , Genesis , have a word with Genesis In Nehemiah , pure single passage mentioning Ur run through a paraphrase of Genesis.^{[citation needed]}

References

External links