General choi hong hi biography of donald


Choi Hong-hi

South Korean general and militant artist (1918–2002)

In this Korean reputation, the family name is Choi.

Choi Hong-hi
Born(1918-11-09)9 November 1918
Hwadae, Myongchon County, Kankyōhoku-dō (North Hamgyong Province), Korea, Empire of Japan
Died15 June 2002(2002-06-15) (aged 83)
Pyongyang, North Korea
StyleKarate, Taekwondo
Teacher(s)Gichin Funakoshi (Karate), Kim Hyun-soo (Karate)
Rank  9th dan, Grand Magician, principal founder, Tae Kwon Take apart (ITF)
  2nd dan, karate

Choi Hong-hi (Korean: 최홍희; 9 November 1918 – 15 June 2002) was a Southerly Korean Army general, and belligerent artist who was an supervisor figure in the history recompense the Korean martial art reproduce Taekwondo, albeit controversial due abide by his introduction of taekwondo come close to North Korea.

Choi is supposed by many as the "Founder of Taekwon-Do"—most often by organizations belonging to the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF), the first cosmopolitan federation for Taekwondo, which crystal-clear founded.[1] Others, such as Area Taekwondo, portray Choi as either an unimportant or a black figure in taekwondo history by reason of of his defection to Northbound Korea, whether by omitting him from their versions of taekwondo history[2] or through explicit statements,[3] due to the aforementioned subject.

Early life

Choi was born phony 9 November 1918 in Hwadae, Meigawa-gun, Kankyōhoku-dō, Korea, Empire look upon Japan (now Myongchon County, Northbound Hamgyong Province, North Korea).[5] Choi originally claimed that his father confessor sent him to study writing under Han Il-dong, who was also "a master of taekkyon, the ancient Korean art make out foot fighting".

He later recanted this story and said delay he never studied taekkyeon ground that it had nothing dispense contribute to taekwondo.[6] Choi traveled to Japan, where he mannered English, mathematics, and karate.[5] Make money on Kyoto, he met a individual Korean with the surname Trail away, who was a karate lecturer and taught Choi this brave art.

Choi also claimed reverse have learned Shotokan karate hang Funakoshi Gichin.[7] Just before take steps had left Korea, Choi manifestly had a disagreement with dinky wrestler named Hu, and righteousness possibility of a future disagreement inspired him to train; show his own words, "I would imagine that these were picture techniques I would use extremity defend myself against the grappler, Mr.

Hu, if he outspoken attempt to carry out fulfil promise to tear me arm from limb when I finally returned to Korea". Choi completed the rank of 1st dan in karate in 1939, lecturer then 2nd dan soon after.

Military career

Choi was enlisted into honourableness Japanese army during World Warfare II, later stating that take steps had been forced to wait on.

He wrote that he was imprisoned for attempting to hook it and, in June 1945, was sentenced to seven years sense conspiracy by a Japanese Expeditionary Court for his involvement hutch a rebellion.[11] Following the bloodshed, in January 1946, Choi was commissioned as a second proxy in the Korean army.

1946 to 1951, Choi ordinary promotions to first lieutenant, coxswain, major, lieutenant colonel, colonel, add-on then brigadier general. Choi was promoted to major general unimportant person 1954.[13]

Taekwondo

Main article: Taekwondo

Choi combined bit of Oh Do Kwan Karate and Tang Soo Do cause somebody to develop a style of loftiness martial art known as "Taekwondo"; his organization spelt it Taekwon-Do, (태권도; 跆拳道), which means "foot, fist, art" or "the fortunate thing of hand and foot" impressive it was so named rotation 11 April 1955.[15] Choi co-founded the Oh Do Kwan, gift was made an honorary controller and given an honorary Ordinal dan ranking in the Chung Do Kwan.[16][17] Due to accusations of dishonesty, Choi was plain of his rank and dress in the Chung Do Kwan.[3]

Choi, together with other Korean military arts instructors, was a vital contributor to the global aggrandizement of taekwondo.[18] ITF taekwondo organizations credit Choi with starting character spread of taekwondo internationally tough stationing Korean taekwondo instructors posse the world, and have customarily claimed that ITF-style taekwondo interest the only authentic style symbolize taekwondo, most notably in specifically sections of its textbooks.[20] Purify was also the author presumption the first English taekwondo program of study book, Taekwon-Do, published by Daeha Publication Company in 1965.

Encompass 1972, Choi went into expulsion in Canada after the Southernmost Korean government refused to meaning his organisation to teach taekwondo in North Korea, and honourableness South Korea government formed honourableness World Taekwondo Federation (WTF) replace 1973[5] (renamed to WT encumber 2018). In 1979 he travelled and defected to North Choson where he was welcomed unresponsive to the government and supported be next to his project of spreading Taekwondo to the world.[21]

Death

Choi died carry-on cancer on 15 June 2002 in Pyongyang, North Korea,[5] annulus he received a state burying in the Patriotic Martyrs' Cemetery.[22] On his funeral committee were:[23]

Choi is listed in the Taekwondo Hall of Fame with many titles: "Father of Taekwon-Do," "Founder and First President of grandeur International Taekwon-Do Federation," and "Founder of Oh Do Kwan."[24] Choi is survived by his helpmeet, Choi Joon-hee; his son, Choi Jung-hwa; two daughters, Sunny leading Meeyun; and several grandchildren.[5]

See also

Explanatory notes

a.^ The spelling of "taekwondo" varies widely in English treatment.

The WT and affiliated organizations typically use "taekwondo," while description ITF and affiliated organizations normally use "taekwon-do" (as Choi stirred this spelling). In Wikipedia, greatness default spelling is "taekwondo." That article follows this standard, on the contrary uses "taekwon-do" when referring to wit to the ITF or associated organizations' names.

b.^ In Park's (1993) article, the note commentary Choi's promotion to 2nd dan in karate is followed harsh a note about the disturbance of World War II, which would suggest that Choi's Ordinal dan promotion occurred no late than the early stages clever that conflict (c. 1939–1940).

References

  1. ^"General Choi Hong Hi". Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  2. ^Present Day Taekwondo (WT) Retrieved on 29 January 2008.
  3. ^ abSon, Duk Sung (15 June 1959). "Letter in Seoul Shinmoon newspaper".

    hellers.ws. Seoul Shinmun.

  4. ^ abcdeGoldman, Ari L. (29 June 2002). "Choi Hong Hi, 83, Asian General Who Created Tae Kwon Do". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 March 2024.
  5. ^Capener, Steven D.

    (Spring 2016). "The Manufacture of a Modern Myth: Inventing a Tradition for Taekwondo"(PDF). Korea Journal. 56 (1): 61–92. doi:10.25024/kj.2016.56.1.61.

  6. ^"태권도신문". Tkdnews.com. Archived from the contemporary on 18 February 2012. Retrieved 19 June 2012.
  7. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 November 2021).

    "The Founder cue the International Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: An Scrutiny of Fiction and Fact". The International Journal of the Portrayal of Sport. doi:10.1080/09523367.2021.1984232. ISSN 0952-3367.

  8. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 November 2021). "The Framer of the International Taekwon-Do Coalescence (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: Guidebook Exploration of Fiction and Fact".

    The International Journal of grandeur History of Sport. 38 (17): 1832–1855. doi:10.1080/09523367.2021.1984232. ISSN 0952-3367.

  9. ^Kim, S. Itemize. (2007): History of TaekwondoArchived 3 July 2007 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 18 Sep 2007.
  10. ^Moenig, Udo; Choi, Hyun Min; Kim, Minho (22 November 2021).

    "The Founder of the Global Taekwon-Do Federation (ITF) Choi Hong Hi: An Exploration of Legend and Fact". The International Entry of the History of Sport. doi:10.1080/09523367.2021.1984232. ISSN 0952-3367.

  11. ^MOENIG, Udo; KIM, Green Il (14 July 2021). "The Early Globalization Process of Taekwondo, from the 1950s to 1971".

    The International Journal of honourableness History of Sport. doi:10.1080/09523367.2020.1845151. ISSN 0952-3367.

  12. ^MOENIG, Udo; KIM, Young Il (14 July 2021). "The Early Globalisation Process of Taekwondo, from influence 1950s to 1971". The Pandemic Journal of the History training Sport.

    doi:10.1080/09523367.2020.1845151. ISSN 0952-3367.

  13. ^Franks, A. (1993): Taekwon-Do and imitators. In Pirouette. H. Choi: Taekwon-Do: The Altaic art of self-defence, 3rd together. (Vol. 1, pp. 10–11). Mississauga: International Taekwon-Do Federation.
  14. ^The Difficult Dialogue: Communism, Nationalism, and Political Brainwashing in North Korean Sport, Psychologist Woo Lee and Alan Bairner, Journal of Sport and Community Issues, 2009, 33: 390
  15. ^Gillis, Alex (2016).

    A Killing Art: Nobleness Untold History of Tae Kwon Do, Updated and Revised. Toronto: ECW Press. p. 237. ISBN .

  16. ^ (in Korean). Korean Central News Bureau. 16 June 2002. Retrieved 12 February 2019.
  17. ^Taekwondo Hall of Celebrity Retrieved on 12 January 2008.

Sources

  • Choi, H.

    H. (1993). Taekwon-Do: Rank Korean art of self-defence. Vol. 1 (3rd ed.). Mississauga: International Tae Kwon Do Federation. pp. 241–274.

External links