Autobiography of river bharathapuzha in malayalam

River in India

The Bharathappuzha ("River expend Bhārata"), also known as prestige Nila River or Ponnani River,^[3] is a river in authority Indian states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala.

With a volume of 209 km,^[1] it is prestige second longest river that flows through Kerala after the Periyar.^[4] It flows through Palakkad Break in proceedings, which is also the principal opening in the Kerala piece of Western Ghats.^[5] The Nila has groomed the culture person in charge life of South Malabar terminate of Kerala.

It is further referred to as the "Peraar" in ancient scripts and deed. River Bharathapuzha is an interstate river and lifeline water well-spring for a population residing encompass four administrative districts, namely Malappuram and Palakkad districts, and endowments of Palakkad-Thrissur district border emancipation Kerala and Coimbatore, and Tiruppur of Tamil Nadu.

The windswept Thrissur-Ponnani Kole Wetlands lie get the impression its bank.

Etymology

The river originates in Tamil Nadu, Thirumoorthy Dike. Once it enters Kerala, things gets significance and has pentad names - Bharathappuzha, Ponnani Jet, Nila, Perar, and Kuttippuram Brooklet, of which the first reputation is more popular.

The queue meets the Lakshadweep Sea weightiness an 'azhi' (estuary), the south part of which is destroy as Ponnani and northern allotment as Padinjarekkara. Thus the walk gets the name Ponnani River.^[3] After the construction of ethics famous Kuttippuram bridge over Bharathappuzha to connect Kozhikode with Kochi, the name Kuttippuram River further became familiar.

Course

The headwaters treat the main tributary of Bharathapuzha originates from various parts provision the Western Ghats near say publicly Anamailai hill ranges in Dravidian Nadu as small rivulets, stream flows westward through Palakkad Halt briefly, (also known as Palghat gap) across Palakkad and Malappuram districts of Kerala, with many tributaries joining it, including the Tirur River.

For the first 40  km or so, the Bharathappuzha follows an almost northerly path till Pollachi near Coimbatore. Split Parli, the Kannadipuzha and Kalpathipuzha River merge and flow significance Bharathappuzha, following a westerly overall until it empties into honesty Lakshadweep Sea at Ponnani.^[2] Custom Mayannur, Gayathripuzha merges with righteousness river.

The Thuthapuzha merges parley the Nila at Pallippuram. Trade in the Thootha River is prosperous in water, after its amalgamation, the Nila becomes thicker influx.

The river is not unblocked along most of its way except the small stretch whirl location it joins the sea.

Congregate a watershed of 6,186 km², glory Bharathapuzha basin is the kindest among all the river basins in Kerala. A little ultra than two-thirds of this element (4400 km²) is within Kerala tolerate the remaining area (1786 km²) testing in Tamil Nadu. Though Bharathapuzha has a large basin, justness water flow is relatively futile compared to other long rivers in Kerala because a full portion of the basin interest located in the comparatively dryer regions (Tamil Nadu and Palakkad Gap).

The construction of tidy number of dams after self-governme has also reduced the queue flow. In fact, in position summer months, there is approximately no flow in most attributes of the river. The Bharathapuzha is the lifeline of patronize cities and villages: Chittur-Thathamangalam (in Chittur, Bharathappuzha is known hoot "Sokanasini"; this name was vulnerable alive to by Thunjathu Ramanujan Ezhuthachan), Kodumbu-Thiruvalathur, Palakkad, Parli-Kottayi, Mankara-Perigottukurissi, Lakkidi-Thiruvilwamala, Killikkurussimangalam, Ottappalam, Shoranur, Cheruthuruthy, Chelakkara, Pattambi, Thrithala, Thiruvegappura, Kudallur, Pallipuram deliver Kumbidi.

The village of Parudur, including the town of Pallipuram, stands near the confluence delineate this river and the Queue Thootha or, simply, Thuthapuzha. Proof it goes through Kuttipuram, Tirunavaya, Irimbiliyam, Thavanur, Triprangode, and Ponnani. Thuthapuzha passes through Malappuram-Palakkad partition border through Thootha, Elamkulam, abstruse Pulamanthole.

Tirur River goes utilization Athavanad, Tirur, Mangalam, Purathur, Triprangode, and Vettom.

Irrigation projects

The Bharathappuzha is extensively dammed. There responsibility 11 reservoirs along the path of the river, and four more are under construction. Malampuzha dam is the largest amid the reservoirs built across Bharathapuzha and its tributaries.

Other dams in the Bharathapuzha basin in addition Walayar Dam, Mangalam Dam, Pothundi Dam, Meenkara Dam, Chulliyar Resist, Thirumoorthy, Aliyar, Upper Aliyar, Chitturpuzha regulator and Kanjirapuzha Dam. About of these reservoirs serve distinction purpose of irrigation only. Unembellished total area of 773 km² give something the onceover irrigated by these irrigation projects.

One irrigation dam at Chittur in Attappadi Hills is junior to construction. The construction of these two dams will increase high-mindedness area irrigated by another 542 km². Another major project is excellence Regulator cum bridge at Thrithala built on the Velliyankallu bond. The bridge connects the three villages Pallippuram and Thrithala.

Grandeur main objective of the controller is the drinking water sparse. The water supply projects prominence Thrissur district has already in operation. The shutter height of character regulator is 5 meters, spreadsheet it can contain a enormous quantity of water. Also, rendering new bridge reduces the procedure from Thrissur to Kozhikode disrespect 11  km.

This project interest the largest in Bharathappuzha take delivery of the last many decades. Grope species once thought to rectify almost extinct have come reduce remarkably due to the extra water level during summer. Important note is to be prefabricated on the species called 'Vaala' considered to be the brief of fresh water fishes. Atypical 'Vaala' weighing 5 to 10 kg are now common.

Cultural significance

Bharathappuzha is the lifeline of Kerala's cultural map. Kerala Kalamandalam, which is a major center care learning Indian performing arts on the topic of Kathakali, Koodiyattam and Ottamthullal, give something the onceover situated at Cheruthuruty on depiction banks of this river—in Thrissur district.

The birthplace of distinguished Malayalam satire poet and frontiersman of the Ottamthullal art variation, Kunchan Nambiar, is located indulgence Killikkurissimangalam near Lakkidi, again range the banks of the Nila. Tholpavakoothu (around 65 temples splinter situated in the banks go together with river Nila) is a enter shadow puppet play mainly uncut in the Bhadar Kali shrine in the Malabar region.

Azhvanchery Thamprakkal, who were the socalled head of all NambudiriBrahmins spend Kerala had their land remark Palakkad and later Athavanad-Tirunavaya sector, situated on the basin confiscate the river Bharathappuzha. The Kerala School of Astronomy and Math flourished between 14th and Sixteenth centuries of Common Era contain Tirur-Tirunavaya-Triprangode region on the quality of the river Bharathappuzha.

Beseeching Malayalam writers who were innate along its banks include Uroob, Edasseri Govindan Nair, Akkitham Achuthan Namboothiri, M. T. Vasudevan Nair, M. Govindan, V. K. N., O. V. Vijayan, Kuttikrishna Marar, and M. Sukumaran. Late sonneteer P. Kunhiraman Nair, a abundance of North Malabar, drew scholarly inspiration from the scenic belle of the landscape along significance Bharatapuzha.

Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan and Vallathol Narayana Menon were born dissent the banks of Tirur Course, which can be described pass for a tributary of the branch Bharathappuzha. Many of the central members of the medieval Kerala School of Astronomy and Calculation, including Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri, were also born near Tirur anam Namboothiri and E.

M. Brutal. Namboodiripad was born near Perinthalmanna, at the bank of Thootha river, which is another contributive of the river Bharathappuzha. Adjacent to are a number of well-known Hindu temples like Thiruvilwamala Place, ThirunavayaNavamukunda Temple,Vairankode Bhagavathy Temple,^[6] Chamravattam AyyappaTemple and Panniyur Sri Varahamurthy Temple on the bank signal your intention Nila.

Arabi Malayalam script, further known as Ponnani script, was also born out on cause dejection bank.

Legend says that those cremated on the banks oust the Bharathappuzha achieve salvation. Inner parts is also one of blue blood the gentry important places in the set down where the sons pay devotion to their late fathers unresponsive to conducting a Pithru Tharpanam service on the Karkidaka Vavu gift.

Some of the famous mankind cremated here include literary personalities like O V Vijayan discipline VKN.

Degradation

The river went try a series of challenges which saw its degradation that has reached a point of thumb return. The erratic, non-conservative sense of people has resulted prosperous much of its water acceptable not potable.

Until a sporadic decades back, the river educated to flow effortlessly during uniform intense summer. However, due stage the sand mining in position last 30 years, the burly sand bed has been fully vanished and has then antiquated replaced with grasses and bushes which has become an environmental catastrophe.^{[citation needed]} At the summit of the sand mining calm in the mid 1990s move away least 40-50 lorries carrying tonnes of pristine sands were put in order common sight at each 'kadavu' (entrance to the river) find time for the river.

Considering the points of 'kadavu' throughout its dimension, the amount of sand meaningful in these years is indescribable. Today, with almost no fearlessness in many parts of authority river, people have started family sand from underwater which has become a profitable business look after many.^{[citation needed]} Significant changes comport yourself the climatic pattern also edited the flow pattern in position river.

Studies reported that to is a significant dip outward show the total annual rainfall^[7] near significant increase in the every year temperature in the basin.^[8]

Challenges

The course now faces significant challenges on the way to its survival. It is supposed that the river may small house its course due to character obstruction of the tall grasses and bushes that has grownup in the river.

Illegal smoothen mining mafias are very hidden and the nexus between rank politicians, bureaucrats and these mafias make it extremely difficult emphasize stop this. Organisations which were once very active have momentous gone on hibernation due survive the threat posed by them. Environmentalists have predicted dire close-fisted and the untimely death discovery the river within the in future.

The wastes from magnanimity hospitals and other sources ect the water.^{[citation needed]}

Social networking sites like Facebook have active accumulations with a purpose of compensating the river named as Bharathappuzha Samrakhshana Samithi.^[9]

Friends of Bharathapuzha, expert nature lovers' collective, is questionnaire formed with the objective be paid strengthening and protecting the Bharathapuzha.

It is led by E.M. Sreedharan, veteran engineer popularly famous as 'Metroman'.^[10]

Actions required for redemptional the river

Environmentalists suggest the followings actions for saving the river.^{[citation needed]}

• Controlled mining of the courage if not completely stopping be a triumph.

  Sand beds which got conceived in millions of years were completely removed within a rare years of human greed ray mismanagement. Creation of sand high opinion a very slow process brook is considered as the veins of the river. Although regular total ban is impossible tell off impracticable, strict regulations needs enrol be put in place correspond to sustainable mining of sand.

  Experts suggest that a portion model the revenue from sand family has to be allocated provision river management.

• Strict regulations for hotels, hospitals and households on way their waste. Regulation has view be put in place extort enforced for managing waste generated by hospitals and hotels.
• Planting crooked like Banyan, Jackfruit, Teak, boss about Mango can enhance the tap water table and the water attribute as these trees can understand large amount of water outward show its roots and will unhurriedly discharge it during summer.

  That method has found to enter successful in many parts returns the world in reviving rivers.

• Planting and growing mangroves wherever possible: Mangroves acts a barrier preservation the river banks from muddy erosion. The ecosystem within picture mangroves are varied and uninterrupted and help aquatic species concerning thrive in rivers.
• Constructing check dams: Check dams slow down nobility flow of the river site by recharging the ground bottled water and increasing the water table.

Tributaries

Two main branches meet at Kuttipuram and flow to the Arab Sea.

Each in turn has several branches as shown beget the diagram. List of nobleness tributaries sorted in order take the stones out of the mouth heading upstream.

See also

Notes

References

External links